BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU11 TERJEMAHAN VIDEO(6)

  

    TUGASAN BERKUMPULAN

 

        TEKS ASAL

Batasan Kajian

Kita sambung dalam bab 1. Kita ada 1.7 iaitu batasan kajian. Yang ini juga pelajar selalu buat silap ya, ataupun dia terlupa nak letak. Jadi biasanya kalau saya, saya cadangkan dalam penulisan batasan kajian, mulanya awak boleh buat dalam bentuk jadual. Okay, dalam bentuk jadual, jadi ini batasan kajian. Yang ini justifikasi. Batasan kajian ni ialah kita nak menyatakan apa justifikasi. Kenapa kita? Kenapa kita pilih sampel itu? Kenapa kita pilih instrumen itu? Kenapa kita buat soal selidik? Jadi kita kena letak. Contohnya kita letak batasan 20 pelajar… 20 pelajar SK Serdang contohnya, okay. Jadi beri justifikasi. Kenapa awak pilih 20 pelajar ini? Okay, 20 pelajar tadi awak tulis pula 9 tahun, okay. Kenapa awak pilih? Kenapa awak pilih 20 pelajar ini? Kenapa pelajar dari SK Serdang? Jumlahnya kenapa 20? Kenapa tak 30? Kenapa tak 21? Kenapa tak 19? Beri justifikasi. Kemudian, kenapa SK Serdang? Kalau SK Serdang awak nak letak yang kedua boleh. Kenapa SK Serdang? Jadi, nyatakan kenapa tak sekolah dekat Perlis? Kenapa bukan sekolah dekat Terengganu? Jadi awak kena beri justifikasilah, kenapa sekolah ini. Kemudian ada lagi, apa pemilihan awak punya ini? Biasanya batasan kajian ini awak ambik daripada metodologi, tentang dia punya sampel ataupun responden, lokasi kajian ataupun awak pakai buku teks bahasa Melayu tingkatan 5. Kenapa…kenapa pilih tu? Beri justifikasi. Dalam justifikasi ini, awak boleh letak ayat awak justifikasi dan kemudiannya letaklah misalannya awak ada rujukan yang Si Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019) mengatakan bahawa ini ini dikatakan memang boleh 20 pelajar. Ini contoh ya, jadi awak letak justifikasi kenapa pemilihan SK Serdang menurut menteri Pendidikan. Contohnya merupakan sekolah luar bandar yang sekian-sekian ini. Tapi ini ringkas dalam justifikasi kerana… Ini jadual eh jadual berapa..ini justifikasi. Kemudian awak huraikan pulak sekarang ini. Ini dah tulis dalam bentuk jadual. Ini ambil daripada metodologilah apa dia. Kalau awak kata awak pakai temubual, temubual secara ni, aah kenapa justifikasi tu. Dia benda-benda ni perlu ada dalam justifikasi. Kadang-kadang orang tak letak sebab dah memang dah tahu temubual apa semua tak perlu letaklah. Ini yang penting ialah siapa sampel dia, kenapa umur 9 tahun, kenapa lokasi itu dekat situ. Kenapa tak buat kat negeri lain. Kenapa kau tak buat dekat Korea contoh dia. Jadi kenalah ada justifikasi dia. Kemudian bila sini jadual berapa di atas, okay. Awak buat huraian. Huraian, huraian, huraikan satu-satu berserta ulang balik ini dengan ayat panjang memberi justifikasi. Kenapa pemilihan 20 pelajar? Kenapa SK Serdang? Jadi hurailah dengan lebih jelas lagi dengan lebih panjang lebar lagi supaya tidak ada persoalan daripada pemeriksa katakan. Nanti bila dia tengok analisis data ataupun Bab 3, 20, awak tak katapun dekat dalam batasan kajian awak pilih 20, boleh ke 20? Sebenarnya cerita pasal pelajar je. Soalan yang ditanya oleh pemeriksa ada lebih 20 soalan tentang pelajar je. Memang masa tu terkedu tak boleh nak jawab soalan. Jadi bila dah ada sini pemeriksa baca balik tengok jadual, baca balik. Oh, saya faham kenapa dia buat begini dah ada justifikasi. Contohnya, kenapa ni ada novel bertajuk novel Salina? Ya, kenapa novel Salina? Kenapa tak novel yang ada lagi berapa ratus  berapa ribu? Novel kat pasaran dekat. Jadi awak boleh beri justifikasi novel Salina ni kerana memenangi contohnya memenangi anugerah bla bla bla bla. Ataupun yang jenis buku teks tingkatan 5 pada tahun sekian sekian sekian. Jadi awak letaklah justifikasi di situ, kerana apa. Pastikan justiifikasi awak letak pada batasan kajian ini memang justifikasi yang menyerlah. Contohnya ada pelajar dia buat tentang majalah A. Pastu saya tanya, saya tanya. Kenapa awak pilih majalah A tu? Kemudian pelajar jawab dalam justifikasi saya dah tulis bahawa majalah A ini telah memenangi anugerah sekian-sekian pada tahun sekian-sekian. Bolehlah kita ambil sebagai itu. Contoh yang lain iaitu batasan kajian tentang cerpen yang ambil daripada tahun 2015. Cerpen itu diambil dari majalah sekian-sekian. Mungkin justifikasi dia ialah dia memenangi anugerah jugak. Jadi bolehla dia ambil itu.  Justifikasi ini mesti perkara yang penting, yang perkara menyebabkan apa awak pilih. Kenapa awak pilih sampel itu? Kenapa awak pilih umur ini? Jadi semua tu perlu ada justifikasi dalam bentuk jadual dan buat huraian di bawah ini, supaya ia lebih jelas. Bila jelas, memang tidak ada persoalan daripada pemeriksa. Dan juga dalam ini, jangan lupa kita ada penanda wacana. Supaya kita nampak sebagai penulisan akademik itu. Amat penting ya. Jangan lupa batasan kajian.

 

    TERJEMAHAN 

Study Limitations

We continue in chapter 1. We have 1.7 which is the limitations of the study. This is also a student always make a mistake yes, or he forgot to put it. So usually if I am, I recommend in writing the limitations of the study, you can initially do it in the form of a table. Okay, in the form of a schedule, so this is the limitations of the study. This one is justification. The limitations of this study are that we want to state what justification is. Why are we? Why do we choose the sample? Why do we choose the instrument? Why do we do a questionnaire? So we've got to put it. For example we put the limitations of 20 students... 20 students of SK Serdang for example, okay. So give justification. Why do you choose these 20 students? Okay, 20 students ago you wrote 9 years old, okay. Why did you choose? Why do you choose these 20 students? Why students from SK Serdang? Total why 20? Why not 30? Why not 21? Why not 19? Give justification. Then, why SK Serdang? If SK Serdang you want to put the second one can. Why SK Serdang? So, state why not school near Perlis? Why aren't schools near Terengganu? So you have to justify it, why is this school. Then there's more, what's your selection of you've got this? Usually the limitations of this study are you practising from methodology, about him eating samples or respondents, the location of the study or the use of Malay textbook form 5. Why... why choose tu? Give justification. In this justification, you can place your verse justification and then put it for example, you have a reference that Si Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019) says that this is said to be 20 students. This is an example yes, so you put justification on why the selection of SK Serdang according to the minister of Education. For example, it is a rural school that is sometimes. But this is brief in justification because... This table eh how many tables.. this justification. Then you describe the curse now. This is write in the form of a table. This takes from the methodology of what he is. If you have you used the interview, interview ni, yeah why justification tu. He things need to be in justification. Sometimes people don't put up reasons, you know what interviews don't have to put. This is important is who the sample is, why age 9, why the location is near there. Why not do it for other states. Why didn't you near Korea for example he was. So there's justification for him. Then when here's the table how many above, okay. You made a description. Description, description, etract one-on-one with this repeat with long sentences justifying. Why select 20 students? Why SK Serdang? So parse more clearly with longer width yet so there is no question of the inspector to say. Later when he sees data analysis or Chapter 3, 20, you are not close to the limitations of your study select 20, can you go to 20? Actually the student's pasal story je. Questions asked by inspectors there are over 20 questions about je students. Indeed, the time of the tu is unable to answer the question. So when there's a checkback checkback on the table, read back. Oh, I understand why he did this and there is justification. For example, why is there a novel entitled Salina's novel? Yes, why salina's novel? Why isn't the novel anymore how hundreds of thousands? Novel close market close. So you can give salina ni novel justification for winning for example winning a bla award. Or a form 5 textbook type in the year. So you put the justification there, because of what. Make sure your justification for laying on the limitations of this study is indeed a highlighting justification. For example, there are students he made about A. Then magazine I asked, I asked. Why did you choose magazine A? Then the students answered in my justification and write that this A has won awards for so many years. We can take it as that. Another example of the study limitations on diplomas taking from 2015. The chipper was taken from the magazine for so long. Perhaps the justification he is that he won the award as well. So can he take that.  This justification must be an important thing, which things cause what you choose. Why did you choose the sample? Why do you choose this age? So all tu have to have justification in the form of a table and make a description below, so that it is clearer. When obviously, there is indeed no question from the inspector. And also in this, do not forget we have discourse markers. So that we see it as such academic writing. It's very important yes. Do not forget the limitations of the study.

 

    SUMBER RUJUKAN

        Normaliza Abd Rahim (2020). Batasan Kajian (Bab 1) #JomTulisTesis . Dicapai pada 8 Januari 2021 daripada https://youtu.be/oywLQj4vNXM.

 

     

Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). JOM TULIS TESIS. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

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BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU11 TERJEMAHAN VIDEO(5)

  

    TUGASAN BERKUMPULAN

 

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Menulis Artikel untuk Terbitan dalam Jurnal. Jom Tulis artikel.

Okey jom kita tulis artikel. Biasanya pelajar Master atau pelajar PhD biasanya diwajibkan untuk menulis artikel untuk terbitan. Jadi kita boleh, saya boleh ajar serba ringkas bagaimana kita nak tulis artikel yang baik yang boleh kita terbitkan. Jadi pada pelajar yang belum pernah terbit dia akan rasa banggalah. Biasanya artikel dan jurnal atau bab dalam buku biasanya hampir sama. Jadi kita ada disini kita ada tajuk, tajuk mestilah yang menarik ya. Sehingga orang nak baca artikel kita. Kita sertakan abstrak. Abstrak kita terpulang kepada jurnal tersebut. Yang mempunyai berapa patah perkataan. Kadang-kadang 250 hingga 300 kemudian ada pengenalan ada sorotan kajian. Sorotan kajian ini terpulang kepada penulis masing-masing. Kadang-kadang dia tak letak sorotan kajian. Dia letak tajuk macam contoh animasi cerita rakyat. Letak itu dalam tu merupakan sorotan. Kemudian ada metadologi keputusan dan perbincangan kesimpulan dan rujukan. Bukan bibliografi dah dia rujukan. Jadi dalam yang ini, kita fokus pada tajuk. Tajuk kenalah menarik. Biasanya tajuk tu kalau jurnal ke artikel ke biasanya tak boleh lebih daripada 20 patah perkataan. Jadi abstrak ini kita kata kalau tulis dalam bahasa Melayu kita tulis abstrak disertakan dengan abstark bahasa Inggeris. Supaya ia lebih jelas. Dalam abstrak ini kita akan letak macam contohnya, ayat lebih kurang 5 ayat. 4 atau 5 ayat macam ayat mukadimah. Mukadimah ni contohnya kita letak seperti latar belakang, dan juga masalah yang dihadapilah, masalah kajian sehingga timbulnya kita nak buat ini.

Ayat ini diikuti dengan ayat objektif. Kemudian ada metadologi. Metadologi ini kita kena letakla kalau ada sampel-sampel dan seterusnyalah, lokasi. Tapi kalau tidak ada tak payah letak. Kemudian semualah. Sehingga ke teori. Prosedur kena ada. Cara analisis kena ada. Kemudian daripada hurai kesini kita letakkan kita punya keputusan. Keputusan kajian kita letak dalam abstrak. Kita letak keputusan dan ayat akhir kita akan letak apa yang awak harapkan dalam kajian akan datang. Diharapkan kajian akan datang akan memberi fokus kepada apa dia apa dia apa dia. Ayat akhir mesti ada. Kemudian disertai dengan kata kunci. Kata kunci biasanya ada 5. Teruskan dengan pengenalan. Biasanya, pengenalan ini awak boleh letak dalam lebih kurang kita nak kenal ni kita letak latar belakang, cerita tentang ciri-ciri apa benda yang berkaitan dengan tajuk kita tu tadi. Jadi pengenalan ni kadang-kadang awak letak dalam dalam satu perenggan. Ini agak penting ya kerana ada jurnal yang peraturan dia sangat-sangat ketat. Pengenalan ni adalah orang letak dalam bentuk sorotan pulak dalam tu. Jadi itu yang kena reject. Jadi terpulang kepada jurnal yang adalah. Baca balik apa arahan yang diberi. Satu perenggan ni letak macam latar belakang tersebut. Kemudian masuk yang sorotan jadi ini satu perenggan. Sorotan tu macam tadi saya kata awak boleh letak kertas sorotan kajian ataupun awak boleh letak tajuk dia. Macam contohnya, animasi cerita rakyat. Boleh antara dua. Jadi sorotkan.

Okey, lima tahun ke belakang. Yang ini awak letak dalam 4 perenggan. Yang mempunyai sorotan kajian 5 tahun kebelakang sahaja. Dan juga perlu kritis. Macam saya ajar dalam bab 2 kalau tak kritiskan dia berdiri dengan diri sendiri je. Tak boleh macam tu. Maknanya letak yang kritis. Maknanya bila huraian dalam satu perenggan ada satu nama. Kemudan sokonglah dengan kajian-kajian yang lain. Selari ke hampir sama ke apa sokong ke. Letak di situ, juga letak yang negatif juga yang seperti kajian ini orang kata kajian oleh Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019 didapati orang kata tidak bersetuju dengan kajian yang dijalankan oleh sipulan. Kenapa? Letak kenapa yang tak setuju tu. Itu namanya kritis mencari persamaan dan perbezaan. Ini dah 4 perenggan, kemudian kita masuk sebelum habis sorotan kajian tu ayat objektif, ayat objektif bukan satu sub topik. Biasanya ayat sahaja. Dalam satu ayat iaitu justeru kajian ini. Justeru daripada sorotan, masalah kajian dalam sini ada jurang penyelidikan. Jadi justeru kajian ini mengenal pasti dan membincangkan apa dia apa dia apa dia. Satu ayat je. Iaitu selepas sorotan kajian. Makna ini dah perenggan lain. Ini perenggan baru. Jadi ini perenggan lainlah. Jadi perenggan tu ada satu ja ayat. Kemudian terus masuk tajuk metadologi. Metadologi ni awak kena lengkapkan semua yang ada dalam metadologi. Awak kena huraikan sebiji yang ada dalam tesis. Ada sampel ada lokasi ada prosedur, ada analisis ada bahan. Kalau misalnya ada bahan awak kena letak pulak sinopsis bahan. Yalah sinopsis novel contohnya, sinopsis cerpen contohnya. Apa sahaja.

Semua kena ada. Awak boleh rujuk, rujuk balik dalam bab metadologi penulisan tesis kemudian baru masuk tajuk keputusan dan perbincangan. Jadi keputusan dan perbincangan ini teori pun ada. Dalam metadologi keputusan perbincangan ini dia punya sub tajuk kenalah kalau misalnya ikut teori sub tajuk mesti mengikut teorilah. Contohnya, kandungan dalam interaksi perbualan. Jadi maknnaya, tajuk ini merupakan daripada teori, lepastu ada lagi dengan konteks dalam interkasi pebualan, andaian interkasi perbualan, huraian dia dalam ini sama dengan huraian bab 4. Jadi yang ini terpulang kepada teori awak. Kita ada banyak teori. Teori analisis wacana teori yang saya ingat sekarang. Ada banyak lagi teori, teori kejuruteraan lain, sains lain, ekonomi lain, reka bentuk lain, jadi berbeza, lepas habis keputusan perbincangan kita ada rumusan, kalau tengok kat sini sebelum kesimpunlan tu ada nak rumuskan keputusan dan perbincangan. Kita ada rumusan, rumuskan dalam 1 perenggan, serupa juga dalam bab 4 tesis kita, kita rumuskan kita kena sokong. Sokong kajian yang atas tadi. Dekat sorotan. Kita ada yang ada dalam tesis maknanya yang ada dalam tesis. Dalam artikel. Atas tadi yang kita, yang ada dalam ini. Okay dalam ni. Jadi sokong. Sokong itu kemudian sokong diri, sama cara penulisan dia. Cara penulisan nak buat rumusan dalam bab 4.

Kemudian akhirnya kesimpulan. Dalam kesimpulan ini, dalam ini saya akan jelaskan apa yang sepatutnya ada dalam kesimpulan. Dalam kesimpulan ini menjelaskan memberi manafaat, menjelaskan manfaat yang diperoleh daripada keputusan kajian. Maknanya awak jelaskan manfaat kepada siapa. Keputusan yang kita dapat ini, nak  manfaat kepada siapa. Awak jelaskan tiap-tiap satu. Dalam satu perenggan. Kemudian ayat akhir. Kasimpulan itu tadi ini samalah yang dengan awak manfaat tadi. Memberi manfaat kepada siapa dalam kesimpulan. Dalam ini tidak perlu rujukan. Jangan ada rujukan pula dalam kesimpulan sebab kita dah ada rujukan sokong sokong, kesimpulan ini nak beri manfaat sahaja jadi tak perlu letak rujukan. Kemudian ayat akhir dalam kesimpulan, kita letaklah diharapkan kajian akan dating, ingat tak yang ayat saya cakap tadi. Ayat tu ada dalam abstrak. Janganlah copy paste, ubah sikit ayat tu. Ada dalam abstrak. Iaitu “Diharapkan kajian akan datang memberi fokus kepada lirik lagu cerita rakyat”, contohnya. Jadi ada kaitan. Ini macam cadangan kita, cadangan akan datang kita. Inilah kita masuk dalam ayat akhir. Jadi dalam ini, terpulang sebenar kepada jurnal atau bab dalam buku. Jumlah perkataan biasanya 5500. Ada yang orang kata, jurnal yang sangat ketat peraturan dia kata okay satu artikel dia boleh terima 3000. Jadi jangan lebih, kalau lebih biasanya dia suruh bayar. Terpulang kepada jurnal. Ada jurnal dia kata okey perlu 10000. Ikut jalah patah perkataan dia. Ada jurnal dia punya sub topik  berbeza. Kita ikut. Terpulang kepada jurnal. Ini yang biasa.

Ada jurnal yang kata ini. Jadi tulisan artikel untuk artikel untuk jurnal dan artikel untuk bab dalam buku pun sama sebenarnya. Penulisan ini biasanya memang kita kena ada. Kalau penulisan untuk pelajar sastera pun sama. Memang kena ada pengenalan, kena ada ayat objektif, keputusan perbincangan pun sama, cara menganalisis, tengok awak pakai jadual, taknak pakai jadual, awak nak sokong macam saya katakan awak nak sokong dekat rumusan ke. Awak nak sokong dekat data ke. Masa huraian pun boleh. Tak ada masalah. Biasa ini adalah penulisan artikel jurnal untuk semua bidang. Mungkin yang lain adalah terpulang kepada arahan. Yang diberi oleh jurnal tersebut. Jadi yang penting juga, satu kena ada penanda wacana. Tiap-tiap halaman tesis kena ada, artikel pun ada. Nanti bila dah habis awak buat tesis, awak hafal penanda wacana. Semua beratus ratus penada wacana. Dalam buku ni sikit ja, mungkin ada lagi banyak yang awak kena hafal. Penanda wacana mesti penting. Kemudian awak perlu semak banyak kali. Semak dari segi ejaan, tatabahasa, semualah. Semua kena semak. Lepas tu semak juga rujukan. Ada dalam rujukan ada dalam artikel ada dalam artikel ada dalam rujukan. Dan juga, ini mesti ada. Ingat ya baca arahan berkali-kali. Dan juga penting macam saya kata tadi, kalau tajuk artikel tak menarik orang pun tak nak baca. Kata kunci itu penting kerana disini kalau kita type kat Google semua artikel akan keluar. Kena pastikan semua kepentingan semua ada dalam artikel awak.

Kalau lihat di sini, oh lupa saya, serupa juga dalam ini kena 70% rujukan terkini. Jumlah semua artikel, semua rujukan, ini jumlah 5 tahun kebelakang darab 100 sama dengan mesti 70%. Dan juga kebanyakan artikel, pastikan tahun yang awak hantar artikel itu contohnya 2020, artikel yang 2020 ni mesti ada sekurang-kurangnya 3. Tahun terkini itu mesti ada 3. Janganlah misalnya awak hantar artikel tu 2020, 2020 punya rujukan satu pun tak ada. Tidak boleh mesti kena ada. Jadi jumlah 70%. dalam 70% ni ada minima 3 artikel yang tahun itu. Tahun itu. Tahun yang hantarlah, tahun terkini. Kalau 2020, 2020. Saya rasa kalau buat artikel ini tak susah. Kajian dari tesis itu awak boleh ambil ayat dia ubah ayat dia jadikan artikel. Kita ni sebagai penyelidik kita kutip data. Kita kena kutip data lebih tak boleh cuckup-cukup. Kadang-kadang pelajar tanya saya, “Prof saya punya data sudah ambil, saya temubual pelajar, kebetulan kawan pelajar tersebut ada di situ, dia nak sangat temu buat, jadi saya pun temu bual, jadi data saya lebih.” Baguslah saya kata, sebab nanti mugkin data ini tidak cukup jadi kita boleh guna data yang itu. Jadi kita bersedia dengan data yang lebih, kalau kurang, kena kutip semula pula. Kena tunggu luar pagar lagi sekali. Tapi salah etika ya tunggu luar pagar. Perlu mohon kebenaran untuk mengutip data kementerian kalau nak pergi sekolah. Semua perlukan kebenaran, awak nak ambil data daripada anak buah kat rumah juga pun perlu kebenaran. Mahu kakak abang tak tegur 5 tahun kalau ambil video anak dia masukkan dalam tesis. Tak dapat duit raya. Jadi perlukan kebenaran bertulis. Kalau kebenaran yang video ada juga boleh. Kalau kena saman sekurang-kurangnya awak ada. “Ini dia sebenarnya kebenaran saya dapati.” “Atapun dia tanya mana kebenaran, awak disaman RM250000 sebab tanpa kebenaran awak temu bual pekerja saya dari syarikat apa-apa.” “Saya ada kebenaran daripada ini kebetulan pengurus besar dia kata boleh videokan dipakai untuk kebenaran.” Artikel ini semua ada kebenaran. Letakkan nama sampel contohnya, jangan letak nama sebenar. Nanti semua budak yang nama dia contohnya Muhammad Yusof ada lebih kurang 450 datang tuntut saman kenapa guna nama saya dalam ini. Okey.

 

TERJEMAHAN 

Write Articles for Publications in Journals.

Okay let's write an article. Usually Master students or PhD students are usually required to write articles for publication. So we can, I can teach you briefly how we want to write a good article that we can publish. So for students who have never been published he will feel proud. Usually articles and journals or chapters in books are usually almost the same. So we are here we have a title, the title must be interesting yes. So that people want to read our article. We include an abstract. Our abstract is up to the journal. Which has how many words. Sometimes 250 to 300 then there is an introduction there is a study highlight. The highlights of this study are up to the respective authors. Sometimes he does not place the focus of the study. He put a title like an animated example of folklore. The location inside is a highlight. Then there is the methodology of the results and the discussion of conclusions and references. Not a bibliography, he is a reference. So in this one, we focus on the title. The title should be interesting. Usually the title if the journal to the article to usually can not be more than 20 words. So we said that this abstract written in languages ​​other than English we write an abstract is included with abstark English. So that it is clearer. In this abstract we will place an example, a sentence of about 5 sentences. 4 or 5 verses like the opening verse. For example, we put this preface as the background, as well as the problems we face, the problems of the study until the emergence we want to do this.

This sentence is followed by an objective sentence. Then there is the methodology. We have to put this methodology if there are samples and then, location. But if there is no need to place. Then everything. Until the theory. Procedures must be in place. The method of analysis must exist. Then from the description here we put we have a decision. The results of our study are in the abstract. We put the results and our final sentence will put what you expect in the next study. Hopefully future studies will focus on what he is what he is what he is. The last sentence must be there. Then accompanied by keywords. Keywords usually have 5. Continue with the introduction. Usually, this introduction you can put in more or less we want to know here we put the background, the story of the characteristics of what things related to our title just now. So this introduction sometimes you put in in one paragraph. This is quite important because there are journals whose rules are very strict. This introduction is people put in the form of pulak highlights in there. So that's what to reject. So it depends on the journal that is. Read back what instructions were given. This paragraph is like the background. Then enter the highlight so this is a paragraph. The highlight is like before I said you can put the study highlight paper or you can put the title of it. For example, local animation story. Can be between two. So focus on.

Okay, five years back. This one you put in 4 paragraphs. Which has focused the study 5 years ago only. And it also needs to be critical. Like I taught in chapter 2 if you do not criticize him standing with himself. It can't be like that. The meaning is critical. Meaning when the description in a paragraph there is a name. Then support with other studies. Parallel to almost the same to what support to. Put it there, also put a negative also that like this study people say study by Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019 found people say do not agree with the study conducted by whistles. Why? Put why those do not agree. That is the critical name for finding similarities and differences. This is already 4 paragraphs, then we go in before the study focuses the objective sentence, the objective sentence is not a sub-topic. Usually sentences only. In one sentence that is why this study. Hence from the highlights, the research problem here has a research gap. So hence this study identifies and discusses what he is what he is what he is. One verse only. That is after the highlights of the study. This means another paragraph. This is a new paragraph. So this is another paragraph. So that paragraph has one sentence. Then continue to enter the title of the methodology. This methodology you have to complete everything in the methodology. You have to describe the one in the thesis. There are samples there are locations there are procedures, there is analysis there are materials. If, for example, there is material, you have to put a synopsis of the material. That is the synopsis of the novel for example, the synopsis of the short story for example. Whatever it is.

Everything has to be there. You can refer, refer back in the thesis methodology chapter chapter then just enter the title of the decision and discussion. So the results and discussions are theoretical. In the methodology of the results of this discussion he has a sub-title should if for example follow the theory of sub-title must follow the theory. For example, content in a conversation interaction. So maknnaya, this title is from the theory, then there is more with the context in the conversation conversation, the assumption of the conversation interaction, the description of him in this is the same as the description of chapter 4. So this is up to your theory. We have many theories. Theoretical discourse analysis theory I remember now. There are many more theories, other engineering theories, other sciences, other economics, other designs, so different, after the end of the discussion we have a conclusion, if you look here before the conclusion there is a conclusion and discussion. We have a formula, formulate in 1 paragraph, similar in chapter 4 of our thesis, we formulate we have to support. Support the above study. Near the spotlight. We have what is in the thesis meaning that is in the thesis. In the article. Above is who we are, who are in this. Okay in this. So support. Support that then support yourself, the same way he writes. How to write to make a conclusion in chapter 4.

Finally is the conclusion. In this conclusion, I will explain what should be in a conclusion. In this conclusion explains the benefits, explains the benefits derived from the results of the study. That means you explain the benefits to whom. The result we get this, want to benefit who. You explain each one. In one paragraph. Then also for the last sentence. The conclusion just now is the same as the benefit you had earlier. Benefit to whom in conclusion. In this there is no need for reference. Do not have a reference in the conclusion because we already have a supporting reference, this conclusion is only to benefit so there is no need to place a reference. Then the final sentence in the conclusion, we put it hopefully the study will come, remember the sentence I said earlier. That verse is in the abstract. Do not copy paste, change the sentence a little. It is in the abstract. That is "It is hoped that future studies will focus on the lyrics of classical local songs", for example. So there is a connection. This is like our suggestion, our next suggestion. This is what we enter in the last sentence. So in this, it really depends on the journal or chapter in the book. The number of words is usually 5500. Some people say, a very strict journal of rules he says okay one article he can accept 3000. So do not over, if more he usually asks to pay. It depends on the journal. There is a journal been said okay if need 10000. Just follow the words. There are journals have different sub topics. We’ll just follow. Depends on the journal. This is what is normal.

There are journals that say this. So writing articles for articles for journals and articles for chapters in books is actually the same. This writing is usually something we have to have. If writing for literary students is the same. There must be an introduction, there must be an objective sentence, the results of the discussion are the same, how to analyze, see you use the schedule, do not want to use the schedule, you want to support like I said you want to support near the formula You want to back up the data. Description time is also possible. No problem. This is usually the writing of journal articles for all fields. Maybe the rest is up to the instructions. Given by the journal. So importantly, one must have a discourse marker. Every thesis page must be there, there is an article. Later when you finish your thesis, you memorize the discourse markers. All hundreds of discourse commentators. In this little book, there may be many more that you have to memorize. Discourse markers must be important. Then you need to check many times. Check in terms of spelling, grammar, everything. Everything has to be checked. Then check the reference as well. There is in the reference there is in the article there is in the article there is in the reference. And also, this must be there. Remember to read the instructions many times. And also important as I said earlier, if the title of the article does not attract people do not want to read. The keyword is important because here if we type in Google all the articles will come out. Make sure all the importances are in your article.

If you look here, yeah I forgot, similar with this need 70% latest reference. The sum of all the articles, all the references, this is the sum of the last 5 years multiplied by 100 equals must be 70%. And also most articles, make sure the year you submitted the article for example 2020, the article that 2020 must have at least 3. The current year must have 3. Do not for example you submit the article 2020, 2020 has no reference. Must have to exist. So the amount is 70%. in this 70% there are a minimum of 3 articles that year. That year. The year you sent it, the current year. If 2020, 2020. I think that making this article is not difficult. From the thesis you can take any sentence then change the sentence to an article. We as researchers are collecting data. We have to collect more data and not just enough with little one. Sometimes students ask me, "Professor, I have data already, I interviewed students, it just so happened that the student's friend was there, he really wanted to do it, so I also interviewed, so my data is rising." Good I said, because later this data may not be enough so we can use that data. So we are ready with more data, otherwise if less, we have to collect it again. Have to wait outside the fence again. But it is ethical to wait outside the fence. Need to apply for permission to collect data if you want to go to school. Everyone needs permission, even if you want to take data from the people at home also need permission. Any blood ties also can be broken for 5 years if you take a video of his son that includes in the thesis just as you willing without asking their permission. Even can't get eid money. So you need to show a written permission. If the truth is that the video is also ready and available also possible. If you get sued, at least you have. "This is actually the truth I found." "Or he asked where the truth is, you were summoned RM250000 because without permission you interviewed my employee from any company." "I have permission from this, it just so coincidence that the general manager said the video can be used with permission." This article is all true. Put a sample name for example, do not put a real name. Later, all the boys whose name is Muhammad Yusof, about 450 came to demand and sue you why use their name in your article. Okay.

    SUMBER RUJUKAN

        Normaliza Abd Rahim (2020). Menulis Artikel untuk Terbitan dalam Jurnal. Jom Tulis Artikel. Dicapai pada 8 Januari 2021 daripada https://youtu.be/1Wvq6FToC9I. 

 

Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). JOM TULIS TESIS. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

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Menulis Bibliografi #JomTulisTesis

Bibliografi. Bibliografi ni penting, memang semua penting. Semua bab dalam tesis penting. Semua penulisan penting. Bibliografi pun penting. Jadi bila kita nak buat bibliografi, kita kena konsistenlah, kita sama ada buat gaya APA atau MLA. Tetapi biasanya pelajar dia suka yang APA ni katanya mudah, tapi bila kita tengok buat salah juga. Jadi, bibliografi ini, kalau kita tengok biasalah. Kalau tengok dalam buku ni saya ada letak contoh bagaimana nak tulis rujukan dalam bentuk APA. Sebab kalau saya letak dua-dua, biasanyalah kebanyakan tesis memang APA. Jadi kena pastikan bahawa kalau jurnal. Nama jurnal italic. Jadi kalau kita lihat di sini, kalau kita lihat contoh-contoh yang terdapat dalam ini, kejap ya, okey, kita adalah semua sekali. Macam mana kita nak, silap, sini. dekat bibliografi dan rujukan. Contoh nama melayu kita nak rujuk macam mana. Contohnya kalau contoh bibliografi dan rujukan nama Alim Al Mustakim Billah Roslan. Nama dia kemain lah panjangnya, contohnya nama melayu kena letak nama melayu semua panjang-panjang lebar tu. Yelah maklumlah, zaman sekarang kan nama Melayu ada tiga perkataan. Ada sampai empat perkataan. Ada yang sampai lima penat cikgu nak tulis kat dalam masa sekolah nanti. Sebab itulah nama contohnya, nama Alim Al Mustakim Billah akhirnya mak dia, pergi buat cop jadi buku tu semua dia cop je. Tak larat nak tulis dengan tangan. Jadi nama Melayu letak nama penuh. Dan dalam bibliografi pun penuh dalam rujukan pun penuh.

Dalam tesis ni dalam bibliografi begini. Jadi semuanya nama begini. Kalau nama Cin Li Li contohnya letak Cin ataupun bukan bibliografi letak Cin.L.L dalam bibliografi. Nama Arumugam Mutusami bagaimana. Nama Jepun bagaimana, dan seterusnya. Ada contoh -contoh jadi kalau misalnya kita lihat dalam buku ini. Kalau rujukan dalam tesis kita letak kalau ni Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019) dalam kurungan. Kemudian ada, jadi kalau ada kurungan semua letak kurungan semua ada, takda koma. Jadi ini titik dua kalau ada halaman dan seterusnya. Kita ada banyak contoh-contoh ya. Jadi dia, bibliografi hendaklan mengandungi maklumat seperti berikut. Jadi ini ada semua maklumat-maklumat dia. Jadi penulisan rujukan dalam tesis bagaimana. Ini semua arahan. Jadi ada cara-cara penulisan semua ada dalam ini supaya tidak keliru. Apa yang saya nak jelaskan disini pastikan apa penulisan dia mesti betul dalam bibliografi. Dan juga yang penting, ini dalam tesis ini bibliografi. Okey. Apa yang awak rujuk dalam tesis perlu ada dalam bibliografi. Kemudian semak. Saya suka semak secara manual. Maknanya, saya printkan bibliografi letak tepi, laptop letak kat sini, tengok muka surat satu satu satu letak. Kalau yang dah tag kita letak warna merah dekat laptop, bibliografi kita tanda right. Lepastu ini tanda right. Sebab kalau buat manual memang betul. Kita bukan tak nak percaya sangat dekat mesin ni, bukan tak percaya ya. Memang tak percaya. Mesin nama pun mesin. Jadi dalam tesis ada rujukan tu dalam bibliografi ada rujukan tu. Ni sebelum nak hantar tesis ni.

Kemudian kita semak dalam biblio ada tick nama tu kenalah dalam tesis pun ada. Bermakna, kita kena cross referency. Bermakna kedua duanya pasti ada. Yang tak ada, buang. Janganlah becita-cita nak bibliografi sampai 10-15 halaman sedangkan tak ada pun dalam tesis. Memang kita periksa kita semak satu-satu. Sebab itu tugas pemeriksa. Itulah kerja saya. Saya baca dalam tesis saya buka saya tengok belakang saya right. Saya baca eh ni kenapa belakang, dalam ini contohnya dalam ini namanya Muhammad Mustakim Roslan 2019 tiba tiba dekat belakang Muhammad Mustakim Roslan 2018 pulak. Dah lain pulak tu macam seolah ada dua artikel berbeza. Jadi salah, macam contohnya dalam biblografi ada Amal Mustakim Roslam 2019 tengok dekat dalam Amal Mustakim Roslan 2015 memang tak kenalah. Dua-dua salah. Jadi pastikan semak satu-satu. Okey untuk tesis. Memang lah untuk tesis dan juga untuk artikel pun macam tu ye. Kita perlu ada 70% rujukan terkini. Terkini maknanya macam saya katakan mestilah rujukan yang 5 tahun kebelakang. Jadi yang itulah yang awak pastikan kalau awak hantar tesis pada 2023. Maknanya, 5 tahun kebelakang, 2022 2021 2020 2019. 5 tahun kebelakang. Ha okey 70% makna apa yang awak buat ialah jumlah kesemua dulu. Semua dalam bibliografi kemudian jumlah contohnya, jumlah ada 100 semua sekali dalam tesis dia. Kemudian saya kira yang 5 tahun kebelakang.

5 tahun kebelakang saya kira ada 70. Ha 70 ya. Jadi awak tekan awak punya kalkulator dekat telefon awak yang mahal daripada saya tu. Jadi awak tekan kalkulator jadi awak tekanlah peratus apa kali 100 maknanya awak ada 70% rujukan terkini. Maknanya, tesis ini boleh diterima. Bermakna boleh diterima. Kalau misalannya ialah maklumat kita ni sebenarya nak mengelak daripada pelajar plagiat. Ada tiru bulat-bulat ataupun pelajar tu memang malas kesimpulannya. Nak baca pun tak nak, nak rujuk yang terkini lagi tak nak. Lepastu bila kita tanya kenapa tidak ada rujukan terkini. “Oh tak ada kajian Prof. Saya cari-cari tak jumpa.” Yang dicari tu ada 3 sahaja artikel yang dicari. Yang lagi 546 artikel tajuk sama dia tak cari. Jadi dia kata saya dah cari tapi tak jumpa. Aduhai, jadi ayat tu kita tak mahu terima. Jadi semua tak terima, bukan saya tak terima saya rasa semua penyelia pun tak terima. Jadi, pastikan awak cari tepat dapat 70% memang boleh terima. Boleh duduk goyang kaki pergi jalan-jalan. Pergi IOI makan banyak-banyak, sebab boleh kita meraikan bahawa rujukan 70% sudah tercapai. Haa begitu, jadi pastikan 70% janganlah sampai awak dapat “Alamak prof 20% je Prof. Saya dah usaha 3 tahun, saya usaha nak cari rujukan yang terkini tak jumpa. Saya dapat semua kebanyakan 1980 an.” Lepastu dapatlah 2010 ke bawah. Memang saya kata silalah buat universiti sendiri, sebab dia tak usaha lansung. Jadi pastikan 70% daripada rujukan terkini. Tengoklah bila tarikh yang awak nak hantar. Buatlah rujukan itu. Jangan ada satu lagi ya contohnya, kalau awak nak hantar tadi 2023. Okay, dia nak hantar 2023 tu pada bulan Disember. Okaylah kita ambil Oktober. Oktober dia nak hantar 2023. Tetapi didapati bahawa yang rujukan 2023 tiada. Langsung tiada dalam tesis tersebut. Sedangkan masa yang dia nak submit ialah Oktober.

Maknanya, artikel untuk 2023 dah keluar banyak dah. Dah keluar banyak. Tapi bila kita semak tak ada rujukan 2023. 2022 lagilah tak ada. Yang dia banyak yang ini 2021. Tak boleh, kita kena la ada terutama yang ini. Yang memang terkini masa hantar tesis memang terbaiklah. Jadi ini penting. Jangan yang ini sahaja kita fokus. Jadi pastikan ada pada tarikh awak hantar tu tahun itu punya rujukan mesti ada. Okay, penting bagi ini penting, rujukan ini semua penting, cara-cara nak rujuk semua ada dekat dalam ni. Ada pelbagai cara buat rujukan. Bibliografi dan rujukan bagaimana kita nak tulis semua cara dia berbeza. Tapi kalau nama Melayu dalam jurnal melayu memang tulis nama penuh ya. Normaliza Abd Rahim contoh dia. Tetapi kadang-kadang saya hantar artikel ke jurnal antarabangsa contoh dia, saya dah tulis dalam artikel tu Normaliza Abd Rahim. Bibliografi pun Normaliza Abd Rahim tetapi dia formatkan semua jadi nama saya jadi begini. Dia yang automatik buat. Saya tak buat sebab saya percaya kalau yang ini ada berjuta-juta orang nama Rahim N.A terutamanya Rahim ini memang ramailah. Berjuta. Jadi sebab itu  lah saya ambil Normaliza Abd Rahim. Tapi terpaksa ikut cara jurnal itu sebab jurnal antarabangsa memang dia ada format dia sendiri. Kadang-kadang saya submit dia hantar balik katakan mohon untuk tukar cara penulisan. Sebab kena ikut cara dia. Ni kalau barat memang nama akhirlah. Sebab itu kita kena ikut cara barat. Jadi kita ikutlah cara barat. Terpulang kepada apa yang terkeluar. Ini kalau jurnal. Nanti jurnal saya jelaskan dalam video yang lain. Jadi jelas ya tentang penulisan bibliografi ini sangat penting. 70%. Kalau tak cukup cari lagi. Janagan hantar tesis selagi tak cukup sebab ini menunjukkan kualiti tesis tersebut. Kalau misalnya awak dapat 60% tu memang tak boleh la nak diterima sebab macam taknak usaha. Sebenar boleh je cari. Banyak sahaja artikel yang awak boleh sorot. Untuk artikel terkini yang boleh sorot.

 

        TERJEMAHAN 

Bibliography #Lets Write a Thesis

Bibliography. This bibliography is important, indeed everything is important. All chapters in the thesis are important. All writing is important. Bibliography is also important. So when we want to make a bibliography, we have to be consistent, we either do APA or MLA style. But usually his students like that APA he says is easy, but when we look at it make a mistake too. So, this bibliography, if we look at it is normal. If you look in this book, I have an example of how to write a reference in the form of APA. Because if I put two, usually most theses are APA. So make sure that if the journal. The name of the italic journal. So if we look here, if we look at the examples found in this, blink yes, okay, we are all at once. How do we want, wrong, here. near bibliography and references. Examples Malays how we want to refer. For example if the bibliography example and reference the name of Alim Al Mustakim Billah Roslan. Where is her name length, for example, name of contact wither park Malay name all long-length Tu. Yeah it's known, today the Malay name three words. There are up to four words. There are up to five teachers who want to write in school later. That is why the name for example, the name of Alim Al Mustakim Billah finally his mother, went to make a stamp so the book is all he stamps. No need to write by hand. So the name of Malay park full name. And the bibliography is full of references.

In this thesis in this bibliography. So everything is named like this. If Cin Li Li's name, for example, is located in Cin or not in the bibliography, Cin.L.L is in the bibliography. Name Arumugam Mutusami how. Japanese name how, and so on. There are examples so if for example we see in this book. If the reference in the thesis we put if this Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019) in parentheses. Then there is, so if there is a bracket all the brackets are all there, no coma. So this is point two if there is a page and so on. We have many examples yes. So he, the bibliography should contain the following information. So here is all his information. So writing a reference in a thesis how. These are all instructions. So there are ways of writing all there in this so as not to be confused. What I want to explain here is to make sure that his writing must be correct in the bibliography. And also importantly, this is in this thesis bibliography. Okay. What you refer to in the thesis should be in the bibliography. Then check. I like to check manually. Meaning, I print the bibliography on the side, the laptop is here, look at the pages one by one. If the tag we put is red near the laptop, our bibliography is right. Then this is the right sign. Because if you make a manual, it is correct. We do not want to believe very close to this machine, not disbelieve. I really do not believe. Machine name is also a machine. So in the thesis there is that reference in the bibliography there is that reference. This is before submitting this thesis.

Then we check in the biblio there is a tick that name should be in the thesis there is also. Meaning, we have to cross referency. Meaning both are definitely there. What is not there, throw it away. Do not aspire to bibliography up to 10-15 pages while not even in the thesis. Indeed we check we check one by one. That is why it is the duty of the examiner. That is my job. I read in my thesis open I look behind me right. I read eh ni why the back, in this example in this his name is Muhammad Mustakim Roslan 2019 suddenly near the back of Muhammad Mustakim Roslan 2018 pulak. It's different as if there are two different articles. So wrong, for example in the bibliography there is Amal Mustakim Roslam 2019 look closely in Amal Mustakim Roslan 2015 is not necessary. Both are wrong. So be sure to check one by one. Okay for the thesis. Indeed, for thesis and also for articles like that. We need 70% up-to-date references. The latest meaning is like I said must be a reference 5 years ago. So that is what you make sure if you submit your thesis in 2023. Meaning, 5 years ago, 2022 2021 2020 2019. 5 years ago. Ha okey 70% meaning what you do is the sum of all first. All in the bibliography then the number of examples, the number is 100 all at once in his thesis. Then I calculated that 5 years ago.

5 years ago I thought there was 70. Ha 70 yes. So you press you have a calculator near your phone that is more expensive than me. So you press the calculator so you press the percentage multiply 100 means you have 70% of the latest references. Meaning, this thesis is acceptable. Means acceptable. If, for example, our information actually wants to avoid plagiarism from students. There is a complete imitation or the student is really lazy in conclusion. I don't even want to read, I want to refer to the latest, I don't want to. Then when we ask why there is no latest reference. "Oh, there is no study by Prof. I was looking for it but did not find it. ” There are only 3 articles that are searched. The other 546 articles of the same title he did not look for. So he said I searched but did not find it. Alas, so that sentence we do not want to accept. So everyone does not accept, not I do not accept I think all supervisors do not accept. So, make sure you find exactly 70% can be acceptable. Can sit rocking legs go for a walk. Go IOI eat a lot, cause we can celebrate that 70% referrals have been reached. Haa so, so make sure 70% do not until you can "Alamak prof 20% je Prof. I have been trying for 3 years, I tried to find the latest reference but could not find it. I got it all most of the 1980s. ” Then get 2010 down. Indeed, I said please make your own university, because he did not make a direct effort. So make sure 70% of the latest references. See when the date you want to send. Make that reference. Don't have another one, for example, if you want to send 2023. Okay, he wants to send 2023 in December. Okay let's take October. October he wants to send 2023. But it is found that the reference 2023 is not there. Absolutely not in the thesis. While the time he wants to submit is October.

Meaning, articles for 2023 have come out a lot. A lot has come out. But if we check there is no reference 2023. 2022 again there is no. That he has a lot of this 2021. No way, we have to have it especially this one. The latest time to submit a thesis is the best. So this is important. Let's not focus on this alone. So make sure there is a reference on the date you sent that year, there must be a reference. Okay, this is important, this reference is all important, the ways to refer to it are all close in here. There are various ways to make a reference. Bibliography and references on how we want to write all the ways he is different. But if the name of the Malays in the journal melayu yes indeed write the full name. Normaliza Abd Rahim is an example of him. But sometimes I send articles to international journals such as, I have written in the article Normaliza Abd Rahim. Bibliography is also Normaliza Abd Rahim but they formatted everything so my name is like this. They automatically do. I do not do it because I believe that this one has millions of people named Rahim N.A especially Rahim is indeed crowded. Millions. So that is why I took Normaliza Abd Rahim. But he had to follow the way of the journal because the international journal did have its own format. Sometimes I submit he sends back say please to change the way of writing. Because you have to follow his way. If the west is the last name. That is why we have to follow the western way. So let's follow the western way. Depends on what comes out. This is a journal. Later my journal will explain in another video. So obviously yes about writing this bibliography is very important. 70%. If not enough search again. Janagan submits a thesis as long as it is not enough because this shows the quality of the thesis. If, for example, you get 60%, it can't be accepted because it looks like you don't want to try. You can actually search. There are so many articles you can focus. For the latest articles that can be focused.

    SUMBER RUJUKAN

        Normaliza Abd Rahim (2020). Menulis Bibliografi #JomTulisTesis. Dicapai pada 8 Januari 2021 daripada https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfEH5vpCwBs.

 

Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). JOM TULIS TESIS. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

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        TEKS ASAL

6. Definisi Operasional & Organisasi Kajian (Bab 1) #JomTulisTesis

Bab 1 seterunya kita pergi 1.8 iaitu definisi operasional. Ok, ini agak sukar ya kadang-kadang pelajar ni dia agak keliru, operasional bermakna tentang definisi yang tentang kajian kita jalankan bukan definisi konsep. Bukanlah definisi macam contoh ada pelajar pergi buat apa makna wacana 1, makna skrip 1, tekstual 1, animasi 1, cerita 1, rakyat 1, Melayu 1, itu salah ya. Kita bukan nak definisi itu. Kalau definisi tiap-tiap satu inilah pelajar akan rujuk kamus dewan je. Dia rujuk semua jenis kamus. Tak mahu. Jangan. Jadi operasional ialah tentang kajian kita. Jadi biasanya definisi operasional ini minima 2 ataupun maksima paling maksima pun 3. Tentang bagaimana kita nak jalankan kajian ni supaya bila pembaca, baca baru faham. “Oh ini maksudnya.” Jadi kalau kita tengok tajuk ini kita boleh ambil satu wacana tekstual. Ok lagi satu Skrip Animasi Cerita Rakyat Melayu. Ha, boleh. Kalau kita nak ambil bezakan skrip animasi. Jadi satu skrip animasi yang takde kaitan pulak skrip animasi apa? Jadi kita boleh teruskan untuk tajuk ini mungkin ada 2. Tajuk yang lain mungkin ada 3. Kalau kita ambil tajuk daripada kejuruteraan. Contohnya, mungkin operasional ada banyak. Sebab kita dia ada banyak dia punya pembolehubah dekat dalam tu. Kalau daripada apa nama yang kalau buat tesis sains pun begitu. Ada banyak pembolehubah yang membolehkan kita membuat definisi operasional. Supaya pemeriksa faham apa kaitan tu dengan dalam tesis tersebut. Kalau dari segi, kalau kita tengok tesis dalam bentuk ekonomi pun begitu. Kita ada banyak dia punya pembolehubah. Jadi akan mungkin lebih daripada 3. Jadi untuk yang ini kita fokus kepada 2. Ni saya bagi contoh ya. Jadi awak boleh berat dalam macam ni. Kemudian letak contohnya wacana tekstual. Tapi wacana tekstual ni awak nak kaji nak buat definisi operasional ni mesti berkaitan dengan kajian. Ya mesti berkaitan dengan kajian dan pastikan bahawa bukanlah yang bermakna yang kena ambil rujukan daripada perlu ada rujukan. Ini perlu ada rujukan. Ada satu cara, satu maknanya awak buat wacana tekstual. Orang kata apa berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Wacana tekstual yang berfokus kepada skrip animasi. Wacana ini yang berfokus kepada skrip animasi. Wacana ini wacana tekstual ini akan di analisis dengan menggunakan 3 elemen. Ni contoh lah ya. Contoh 3 elemen iaitu kandungan konteks dan andaian. Jadi wacana tekstual menurut buku Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), wacana tekstual boleh jadi rujukan. Dia juga 1.8.2 iaitu skrip animasi cerita rakyat Melayu. Jadi ini kenalah berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Apa dia huraikan serba ringkas. Skrip animasi, cerita rakyat Melayu terdiri daripada 20 cerita sebab dalam awak punya tesis, awak punya analisis 20 cerita. Jadi ni cerita tersebut skrip berbentuk apa dia. Jadi huraian mungkin yang ini skrip animasi, cerita rakyat Melayu ni awak huraikan ialah kita nak berkaitan tentang kajian kita. Jadi takde rujukan awak nak letak, takpe boleh diterima sebab definisi yang ini memang berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Jadi ada dua cara. Satu cara mempunyai rujukan. Ini ada rujukan jadi yang kedua tiada rujukan maknanya awak buat huraian. Huraian tentang wacana tekstual tu dari segi konteks awak punya tesis. Yang ini pun dari konteks awak punya kajian, awak punya tesis. Jadi takde rujukan. Dua dua boleh diterima. Tetapi macam saya katakan sebelum ini. Rujuk penyelia. Kalau rujuk penyelia, penyelia kata ada rujukan. Letak rujukan. Kalau penyelia kata takpe saya percaya bahawa kalau takde rujukan pun saya faham dan ini sebenarnya tidak perlu rujukan kerana ia berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Bukan kajian orang lain. Macam saya katakan sebelum ini. Kita ini berbeza pendapat. Berbeza sekolah. Jadi difference school of tough. Jadi pemikiran kita berbeza. Jadi pemikiran penyelia kalau ada sejuta penyelia kita ada sejuta pemikiran yang berbeza. Jadi terpulang kepada penyelia. Jadi kalau saya tiba-tiba hari ini saya kata ok memang tak perlu sebab bagi saya definisi operasional ni tentang kajian bagaimana awak nak jalankan kajian. Nama pun operasional. Jalankan kajian bukan kita nak definisi konsep bukannya kita apa. Jadi kalau ada rujukan pastikan kalau awak nak buat rujukan tak boleh ya. Ini tak boleh rujuk kamus. Dah kenapa nak rujuk kamus. Tak payah. Kena rujuk daripada kajian-kajian bukannya rujuk kamus yang kata menurut Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat, wacana tekstual ialah bla bla bla. Tak boleh. Tak boleh itu pun kita pun tahu. Janganlah rujuk kamus. Dah kenapa kan. Jadi kita rujuk rujukan. Rujukan kajian-kajian daripada orang lain ya. Saya kata satu boleh rujuk kedua tiada rujukan boleh diterima dan terpulang kepada penyelia masing-masing. Jadi kalau diterima itu iyalah akurlah. Ikut cakap dia. Jadi sekarang ini kalau kita lihat setelah ambil definisi operasional. Kita ada teruskan iaitu kat belakang ini ada ya subtopik 1.9 iaitu organisasi  kajian. Ok organisasi kajian ini sebenarnya terpulang kepada individu. Kepada pelajar  dan juga penyelia. Yang ini biasanya saya akan suruh untuk pelajar PhD. Pelajar PhD saya akan suruh letakkanlah organisasi kajian. Kadang-kadang pelajar Master pun boleh kalau tak letak pun takpe. Ini boleh pilih. Jika perlu organisasi kajian ini awak buat dalam bentuk perenggan. Jadi perenggan pertama apa ada dalam bab 1. Kemudian perenggan seterusnya perenggan 1 apa ada dalam bab 1. Perenggan 2 apa dalam bab 2 perenggan 3 ni kita nak organisasi. Kita nak buat secara ringkas supaya bila penyelia baca dia rasa oh bab 1 ada benda ni rupanya. Bab 2 ada benda ni rupanya. Bab 3 ada ni, jadi organisasi penyusunan. Penyusunan tesis kita secara teratur. Jadi perenggan dalam ringkas sahaja. Ringkas sahaja kerana macam saya nyatakan kat sebelum ini setiap bab ada pengenalan. Pengenalan tu kita dah katakan dah apa ada dalam bab tesebut. Tetapi dalam organisasi kajian ini kita kena nyatakanlah secara ringkas apa ada dalam tiap-tiap perenggan. Jadi untuk pelajar PhD memang saya wajibkan supaya dia sendiri boleh faham apa ada dalam tiap-tiap bab. Kalau pelajar Master bolehlah kalau dia nak buat. Tak buat pun takpe. Pelajar bacelor pun takpe. Diploma pun takde masalah kalau ada yang nak buat. Pokoknya terpulang kepada penyelia. Dan akhir sekali 1.10 baru masuk kesimpulan. Semua bab macam saya katakan tadi, semua bab mesti ada kesimpulan. Takde kesimpulan manalah boleh. Kita nak simpulkan apa ada dalam bab tersebut. Jadi ada yang saya dapati tesis takde kesimpulan tergantung je macam ni. Bila tergantung habis je tanpa yang ini. Jadikan, kita tengok tiba-tiba dah masuk bab 2. Jadi tidak ada kesinambungan bab 1 dengan bab 2. Macam bab 1 tu ada satu bab lain. dia jadi macam entiti lain pula. Jadi, takde kaitan langsung dalam bab 2. Tak boleh. Kita kena ada kesimpulan, kesimpulan ini kita simpulkan apa ada dalam bab 1 dan juga ingat ayat akhir. Ayat akhir kita kena letak kaitkan dengan bab seterusnya. Bab seterusnya iaitu bab 2 akan membincangkan sorotan kajian bla bla bla. Jadi bolehlah kita dapati bahawa ada kesinambungan antara bab 1 dan bab 2. Jadi serupa juga macam saya terangkan dalam bab-bab lain. Dalam bab kesimpulan mestilah ayat akhir mesti ada kita nyatakan apa ada dalam bab seterusnya. Jadi penting ada kesimpulan. Tapi itulah macam saya kata kadang-kadang ada penyelia kata “tak payah lah kita nak simpulkan”. Hah, mungkin itu dia punya pemikiran berbeza. Macam saya katakan tadi, different school of tough. Jadi bila berbeza takpelah kita redha dan kita terima. Ok, dah bab 1. Ini kita dah bersemangat dah bab 1 kita ni maknanya kita dah habis bab 1. Lupa nak cakap, halaman. “Berapa halaman bab 1 ya prof?” ok bab 1 ini kita biasanya halaman ya, halaman bab 1 ni kita sebab kita dah masuk dia punya orang kata apa latar belakanglah, persoalan, kita punya masalah kajian semua tu lebih kurang 8 hingga 10 sahaja. Inikan, itu yang saya kata bahaya. Ada pelajar letak sampai 30 halaman. Ini nak tahu kenapa jadi 30? Bahagian masalah kajian itu pun dah 15 halaman. Itu lah dia masalah kajian dah adaa 30 halaman dia akan jadi macam seolah-olah buat sorotan kajian. Itu dah salah, sebab masalah kajian kita ambil betul-betul penting masukkan dekat dalam tu. Sedangkan kita tahu bahawa dalam bab 2 memang banyak ada jurang dekat situ. Jadi itu pun semua adalah masalah tetapi kita ambil yang penting sahaja. Jadi bila dia letak masalah kajian itu ada 30 bermakna dah memang jadi sebanyak 15 halaman maka jadilah 30. Dah salah dah. Sebabnya yang penting sekarang ini dia akan jadi samalah dengan bab 2. Dia jadi masalah kajian itu panjang lebar. Bersemangat sangat dia tulis permasalahan kajian dia jadi 15 halaman. Ya itu memanglah sikit-sikit dah jadi macam sorotan kajian. Dah jadi salah. Jadi saya kata tadi permasalahan kajian itu kita fokuskan ikut objektif. Objektif ada 2. Dua perenggan masalah kajian, objektif ada 3, tiga perenggan tapi padat.  Dia padat dekat dalam tu. Walaupun ringkas tetapi padat. Jadi dikaitkan dengan objektif tapi yang selebihnya sorotan ataupun jurang penyelidikan yang lain mempunyai masalah ada dalam bab 2. Jadi pelajar boleh rujuk disitu. Jadi ni kita buang kita letak lebih kurang macam ni. Paling lebih 12 halaman. Tapi jangan kurang daripada 8. Dah jadi macam kurang halaman. Jadi lebih sikit boleh. Kalau nak sampai 15 pun boleh. Boleh diterima. Sebab mungkin dia bersemangat nak tulis latar belakang. Tak ada masalah. Tetapi janganlah lebih. Lebih sampai 15. 15 tu orang kata dah tak bolehlah kita takut dia jadi seperti macam saya katakan tadi seperti sebulat bab 2. Jangan. Jadi bila bab 2 tu mulalah pemeriksa akan slash ini tak boleh. Ini tak boleh. Slash dia potong-potong. Saya kalau misalnya panjang sangat saya lipat halaman terus saya tulis kat sini sepatutnya masuk bab 2. Sebab masa viva senang saya ingat yang saya lipat tu adalah setebal-tebalnya yang tak ada pun dengan masalah kajian. Sebab dia berleter je lebih dekat dalam tu entah apa-apa menurut pendapat sayalah. Bukan saya, maksudnya pendapat dia. “Saya dapati bahawa pelajar ini, dia tak suka lah belajar.” Masa tu baca kertas awak tu siapa yang awak kata awak dapati. Itu dia kata pelajar tak suka mengira contohnya. Dia dapati sekali itu pun dia tengok anak buah dia masa raya. Masa raya yang dia jumpa 2 minit. Lepastu dia kata anak buah dia pergi main dekat belakang. Itu dia dapati budak tak nak mengira 1 sampai 20. Dia tidak tahu bahawa hari raya siapa pulak nak mengira 1 sampai 20. Kena pulak buat ujian, ujian depan bapak saudara. Nak kena baca sifir pulak kat depan tu. Kalau dia baca sifir dapat duit raya banyak tidak apa la juga. Ok jadi kita ingat ya dalam bab 1.

 

 TERJEMAHAN 

6. Operational Definition & Organization of the Study (Chapter 1) #Let'sWriteaThesis

Chapter 1 next we go 1.8 which is the operational definition. Ok, this is a bit difficult yes sometimes this student he is a bit confused, operational means about the definition that about our study is not a concept definition. Not the definition of a sample of students go there for what the passage 1, meaning the script 1, textual one, animation 1, 1 story, people 1, French 1, that one yes. We do not want that definition. If the definition of each one is this, students will refer to “Kamus Dewan” only. It refers to all types of dictionaries. Do not want. Don't. So operational is about our study. So usually this operational definition is minimum 2 or maximum 3. About how we want to conduct this study so that when the reader, read only understand. "Oh this is what it means." So if we look at this topic we can take a textual discourse. Ok another Script Animations Folklore Festival. It’s can. If we want to differentiate the animated script. So an animated script that has nothing to do with any animated script? So we can proceed to this title there may be 2. Other titles may have 3. If we take the title from engineering. For example, there may be many operations. Because we have a lot he has variables close in there. If the one who did the science thesis is the same. There are many variables that allow us to make operational definitions. So that the examiner understands what that has to do with in the thesis. In terms of, if we look at the thesis in economic form, so is it. We have a lot he has variables. So it will probably be more than 3. So for this one we focus on 2. Here I am for an example. So you can weigh in like this. Then place for example textual discourse. But this textual discourse you want to study to make this operational definition must be related to the study. Yes, it must be related to the study and make sure that it does not mean that there should be a reference than there should be a reference. This needs to be a reference. There is one way, one means you make a textual discourse. People say what is relevant to your study. Textual discourse focused on animated scripts. This discourse focuses on animated scripts. This discourse this textual discourse will be analyzed using 3 elements. Here is an example. Example 3 elements namely contextual content and assumptions. So textual discourse according to the book Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), textual discourse can be a reference. He also 1.8.2 of Malay folklore animation scripts. So this has to do with your research. What is described is very concise. Script animation, folklore Malays comprise 20 stories because the body has a thesis, an analysis of the body has 20 stories. So this is the story of what the script is like. So it may be that this description animation scripts, Malay folk tales describe this crew is that we want to relate about our study. So no reference you want to put, cannot be accepted because this definition is indeed related to your study. So there are two ways. One way is to have a reference. This has a reference so the second one has no reference meaning you make a description. The description of the textual discourse in terms of the context you have a thesis. This is also from the context you have a study, you have a thesis. So no reference. Two is acceptable. But like I said before. Consult a supervisor. If you consult the supervisor, the supervisor says there is a reference. Place a reference. If the supervisor says it does not matter, I believe that even if there is no reference, I understand and this actually does not need a reference because it is related to your study. Not someone else's study. Like I said before. We have different opinions. Different schools. So difference school of tough. So our thinking is different. So the thoughts of the supervisor if there are a million supervisors we have a million different thoughts. So it is up to the supervisor. So if I suddenly today say ok there is no need for me to give this operational definition of the study how you want to conduct the study. The name is operational. Conduct a study not we want the definition of the concept not what we are. So if there is a reference make sure if you want to make a reference cannot. This does not refer to the dictionary. Why do you want to refer to the dictionary? No need. It is necessary to refer from the studies instead of referring to the dictionary which says according to the “Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat”, the textual discourse is bla bla bla. Cannot. We can't even know that. Do not refer to the dictionary. Why? So we refer to the reference. Reference studies from others. I said one can refer to the second no reference is acceptable and it is up to the respective supervisor. So if it is accepted, then agree. Follow him. So now if we look after taking the operational definition. We have to continue that behind this there is subtopic 1.9 which is the study organization. The organization of this study is actually up to the individual. To students as well as supervisors. This one I usually recommend for PhD students. My PhD student will tell me to set up a study organization. Sometimes Master students can even if they don't put it. This is optional. If necessary the organization of this study you do in the form of paragraphs. So the first paragraph is what is in chapter 1. Then the next paragraph is paragraph 1 what is in chapter 1. Paragraph 2 what in chapter 2 paragraph 3 we want to organization. We want to do it briefly so that when the supervisor reads it he feels oh chapter 1 there is this thing apparently. Chapter 2 has this thing apparently. Chapter 3 is here, so organization. Regular preparation of our theses. So paragraph in brief only. It's simple because like I said before, every chapter has an introduction. In that introduction, we have already said what is in that chapter. But in the organization of this study we have to state briefly what is in each paragraph. So for a PhD student, I am obligated so that they can understand what is in each chapter. If he is a Master student, he can do it if he wants to do it. It doesn't matter. Bachelor students are not allowed. Diplomas are not a problem if anyone wants to do it. The point is up to the supervisor. And finally 1.10 just came to the conclusion. All chapters like I said earlier, all chapters must have conclusions. There is no conclusion where it can be. We want to conclude what is in the chapter. So I found that the thesis does not have a conclusion depending on this kind of thing. When hanging just finished without this one. So, we see that we have suddenly entered chapter 2. So there is no continuation of chapter 1 with chapter 2. Like chapter 1 there is another chapter. It became like any other entity. So, it has no direct connection in chapter 2. It cannot. We have to have a conclusion, this conclusion we summarize what is in chapter 1 and also remember the last sentence. Our final sentence has to be linked to the next chapter. The next chapter which is chapter 2 will discuss the highlights of the study blah bla bla. So we can find that there is a continuation between chapter 1 and chapter 2. As similar as I explained in other chapters. In the conclusion chapter must be the final sentence there must be we state what is in the next chapter. So it is important to have a conclusion. But that's like I said sometimes there is a supervisor saying "we do not need to conclude". Maybe they has a different mind. Like I said earlier, different school of tough. So when it is different, we must not be satisfied and we accept. Ok, already chapter 1. Now we are excited, we have chapter 1, this means we have finished chapter 1. I forgot to talk, page. "How many pages of chapter 1, prof?" This chapter 1 we usually page yes, this page chapter 1 we because we have entered he has people say what the background is, the question, we have a study problem all about 8 to 10 only. Here, that's what I call danger. There are students up to 30 pages. I want to know why so 30? The problem section of the study is already 15 pages. That is the problem of the study, it already has 30 pages, it will be as if to make a study highlight. That is wrong, because the problem of the study we take is really important to put close in there. While we know that in chapter 2 there are many gaps near there. So that is all a problem but we take only the important ones. So when he puts the problem of the study there are 30 meaning it has become 15 pages then it becomes 30. It is wrong. The important reason now is that will be the same as chapter 2. It will become the problem of the study at length. Very enthusiastic he wrote the problems of his study so 15 pages. Yes, of course, it has become a bit of a study highlight. It went wrong. So I said earlier that the problems of the study we focus on follow the objectives. Objectives are 2. Two paragraphs of the study problem, objectives are 3, three paragraphs but compact. It’s solid inside. Although simple but compact. So it is related to the objective but the rest of the highlights or other research gaps have problems in chapter 2. So students can refer there. So here we throw our place more or less like this. At most 12 pages. But not less than 8. It has become like less pages. So a little more can. If you want to reach 15, you can. Acceptable. Because maybe they are eager to write a background. No problem. But do not overdo it. More to 15. 15 pages people say it is not allowed, we are afraid that will be like I said earlier like a chapter 2. Do not. So when chapter 2 starts, the examiner will slash this. This is not possible. Slash into pieces. If, for example, I am very long, I fold the page and continue to write here, it should go into chapter 2. Because the viva time I easily remember that I folded it was as thick as it could be without any research problems. Because he/she just speak nonsense in that viva, it’s just my opinion. Not me, I mean his/her opinion. "I found out that this student, he does not like to study." At that time, read your paper, who did you say you found. That he/she said students do not like to count for example. He/She found that once he/she looked at his/her nieces during the feast. The time he/she met was 2 minutes. Then he/she said his/her nieces went to play behind. That he/she found the boy did not want to count 1 to 20. He/She did not know that on Eid who would want to count 1 to 20. He had to go for a test, the next test of your uncle. Need to read the multiplication at the front. If he/she reads the number of multiplication to get a lot of money, it doesn't matter. Ok so we remember in chapter 1.

   SUMBER RUJUKAN

        Normaliza Abd Rahim (2020). Definisi Operasional & Organisasi Kajian (Bab 1) #JomTulisTesis. Dicapai pada 8 Januari 2021 daripada https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bANk-CrrhI. 

 

Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). JOM TULIS TESIS. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

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