Siti Aishah Sautar 🎀: BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU4 PRAKATA & BAB 1

TUGASAN BERKUMPULAN

M4 TERJEMAHAN PRAKATA & BAB 1

SYAMIMI RASYIDAH BINTI MOKTAR SITI AISHAH BINTI SAUTAR

(192953) (194158)

PRAKATA

Buku "Kajian Wacana dan Strategi Komunikasi: Teori dan Aplikasi" ini merupakan buku yang mengandungi teori serta diaplikasikan dalam bentuk penyelidikan. Penyelidikan meliputi kajian lirik lagu, cerita, ujaran dan interaksi dalam perbualan. Buku ini mengandungi dua bahagian iaitu kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi. Kedua-dua bahagian berkait rapat antara satu sama lain kerana melibatkan komunikasi ujaran, interaksi, teks dan tulisan. Bab 1 mengandungi pengenalan tentang kajian wacana iaitu definisi dan konsep wacana. Bab 2 pula menjelaskan tentang teori dan pendekatan wacana. Terdapat beberapa teori dan pendekatan wacana yang dibincangkan iaitu analisis wacana dan wacana kritis. Bab 3 pula menganalisis tiga kajian wacana yang berkaitan dengan wacana tekstual lirik lagu, wacana tekstual cerita sosial dan wacana ujaran dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Setiap kajian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori dan pendekatan analisis wacana yang diperkenalkan dalam buku ini. Bab 4 mengandungi pengenalan tentang strategi komunikasi. Pengenalan meliputi kajian-kajian tentang strategi komunikasi yang berkaitan dengan ujaran dan interaksi yang menggunakan strategi komunikasi. Bab 5 pula membincangkan beberapa taksonomi dan pendekatan strategi komunikasi. Senarai taksonomi dan pendekatan serta huraian bagi setiap satu dipaparkan. Bab 6 mengandungi kajian strategi komunikasi dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Interaksi dan ujaran kanak-kanak dianalisis dengan menggunakan taksonomi strategi komunikasi vang terkini. Bab 7 iaitu bab akhir mengandungi cadangan kajian mengenai kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi. Diharapkan buku ini dapat membantu penyelidik dalam membuat penelitian terhadap bentuk kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi.

No.	Teks asal	Teks Google Translate	Track changes	Teks bersih
1.	Buku "Kajian Wacana dan Strategi Komunikasi: Teori dan Aplikasi" ini merupakan buku yang mengandungi teori serta diaplikasikan dalam bentuk penyelidikan. Penyelidikan meliputi kajian lirik lagu, cerita, ujaran dan interaksi dalam perbualan.	This book "Discourse Studies and Communication Strategies: Theory and Application" is a book that contains theories and is applied in the form of research. Research covers the study of song lyrics, stories, utterances and interactions in conversation.	~~This~~ The book "Discourse Studies and Communication Strategies: Theory and Application" is a book that contains ~~theories~~ theory and is applied in the form of research. Research covers the study of song lyrics, stories, utterances and interactions in conversation.	The book "Discourse Studies and Communication Strategies: Theory and Application" is a book that contains theory and is applied in the form of research. Research covers the study of song lyrics, stories, utterances and interactions in conversation.
2.	Buku ini mengandungi dua bahagian iaitu kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi. Kedua-dua bahagian berkait rapat antara satu sama lain kerana melibatkan komunikasi ujaran, interaksi, teks dan tulisan. Bab 1 mengandungi pengenalan tentang kajian wacana iaitu definisi dan konsep wacana.	This book contains two parts, namely discourse study and communication strategies. The two parts are closely related to each other as they involve verbal communication, interaction, text and writing. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the study of discourse that is the definition and concept of discourse.	This book contains two parts, ~~namely~~ which is discourse study and communication ~~strategies~~ strategy. The two parts are closely related to each other as they ~~involve~~ have verbal communication, interaction, text and writing. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the study of discourse that is the definition and concept of discourse.	This book contains two parts, which is discourse study and communication strategy. The two parts are closely related to each other as they have verbal communication, interaction, text and writing. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the study of discourse that is the definition and concept of discourse.
3.	Bab 2 pula menjelaskan tentang teori dan pendekatan wacana. Terdapat beberapa teori dan pendekatan wacana yang dibincangkan iaitu analisis wacana dan wacana kritis. Bab 3 pula menganalisis tiga kajian wacana yang berkaitan dengan wacana tekstual lirik lagu, wacana tekstual cerita sosial dan wacana ujaran dalam kalangan kanak-kanak.	Chapter 2 also explains about the theory and approach of discourse. There are several theories and approaches of discourse discussed namely discourse analysis and critical discourse. Chapter 3 analyzes three discourse studies related to the textual discourse of song lyrics, textual discourse of social stories and discourse discourse among children.	Chapter 2 ~~also~~ explains about the theory and approach of discourse. There are several theories and approaches of discourse discussed ~~namely~~, which are discourse analysis and critical discourse. Chapter 3 analyzes three discourse studies related to the textual discourse of song lyrics, textual discourse of social stories and discourse discourse among children.	Chapter 2 explains about the theory and approach of discourse. There are several theories and approaches of discourse discussed, which are discourse analysis and critical discourse. Chapter 3 analyzes three discourse studies related to the textual discourse of song lyrics, textual discourse of social stories and discourse discourse among children.
4.	Setiap kajian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori dan pendekatan analisis wacana yang diperkenalkan dalam buku ini. Bab 4 mengandungi pengenalan tentang strategi komunikasi.	Each study was analyzed using the theory and discourse analysis approach introduced in this book. Chapter 4 contains an introduction to communication strategies.	Each study was analyzed ~~using the~~ by the usage of theory and discourse analysis approach that has been introduced in this book. Chapter 4 contains an introduction to communication strategies.	Each study was analyzed by the usage of theory and discourse analysis approach that has been introduced in this book. Chapter 4 contains an introduction to communication strategies.
5.	Pengenalan meliputi kajian-kajian tentang strategi komunikasi yang berkaitan dengan ujaran dan interaksi yang menggunakan strategi komunikasi.	The introduction covers studies on communication strategies related to utterances and interactions that use communication strategies.	The introduction covers the studies on about communication strategies that related to utterances and interactions that use communication strategies.	The introduction covers the studies about communication strategies that related to utterances and interactions that use communication strategies.
6.	Bab 5 pula membincangkan beberapa taksonomi dan pendekatan strategi komunikasi.	Chapter 5 discusses some taxonomies and communication strategy approaches.	Chapter 5 discusses about some taxonomies and ~~communication strategy approaches.~~ the approach of communication strategy.	Chapter 5 discusses about some taxonomies and the approach of communication strategy.
7.	Senarai taksonomi dan pendekatan serta huraian bagi setiap satu dipaparkan. Bab 6 mengandungi kajian strategi komunikasi dalam kalangan kanak-kanak.	A list of taxonomies and approaches as well as descriptions for each is displayed. Chapter 6 contains a study of communication strategies among children.	A list of taxonomies and approaches ~~as well as~~ contains descriptions for each ~~is displayed.~~ display. Chapter 6 contains a study of communication strategies among children.	A list of taxonomies and approaches contains descriptions for each display. Chapter 6 contains a study of communication strategies among children.
8.	Interaksi dan ujaran kanak-kanak dianalisis dengan menggunakan taksonomi strategi komunikasi vang terkini.	Children's interactions and utterances were analyzed using the latest taxonomy of communication strategies.	Children's interactions and utterances were analyzed ~~using~~ by the usage of the latest taxonomy of communication strategies.	Children's interactions and utterances were analyzed by the usage of the latest taxonomy of communication strategies.
9.	Bab 7 iaitu bab akhir mengandungi cadangan kajian mengenai kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi.	Chapter 7 which is the final chapter contains research proposals on the study of discourse and communication strategies.	Chapter 7 which is the final chapter contains research proposals ~~on the~~ about the study of discourse and communication strategies.	Chapter 7 which is the final chapter contains research proposals about the study of discourse and communication strategies.
10.	Diharapkan buku ini dapat membantu penyelidik dalam membuat penelitian terhadap bentuk kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi.	It is hoped that this book can help researchers in conducting research on the form of discourse studies and communication strategies.	~~It is hoped~~ Hopefully ~~that~~ this book ~~can~~ may ~~help~~ give some favors to the researchers in conducting research on about the form of discourse studies and communication strategies.	Hopefully this book may give some favors to the researchers in conducting research about the form of discourse studies and communication strategies.

The book "Discourse Studies and Communication Strategies: Theory and Application" is a book that contains theory and is applied in the form of research. Research covers the study of song lyrics, stories, utterances and interactions in conversation. This book contains two parts, which is discourse study and communication strategy. The two parts are closely related to each other as they have verbal communication, interaction, text and writing. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the study of discourse that is the definition and concept of discourse. Chapter 2 explains about the theory and approach of discourse. There are several theories and approaches of discourse discussed, which are discourse analysis and critical discourse. Chapter 3 analyzes three discourse studies related to the textual discourse of song lyrics, textual discourse of social stories and discourse discourse among children. Each study was analyzed by the usage of theory and discourse analysis approach that has been introduced in this book. Chapter 4 contains an introduction to communication strategies. The introduction covers the studies about communication strategies that related to utterances and interactions that use communication strategies. Chapter 5 discusses about some taxonomies and the approach of communication strategy. A list of taxonomies and approaches contains descriptions for each display. Chapter 6 contains a study of communication strategies among children. Children's interactions and utterances were analyzed by the usage of the latest taxonomy of communication strategies. Chapter 7 which is the final chapter contains research proposals about the study of discourse and communication strategies. Hopefully this book may give some favors to the researchers in conducting research about the form of discourse studies and communication strategies.

BAB 1

KAJIAN WACANA

Wacana merupakan bahasa daripada individu atau kumpulan dalam bentuk ujaran, interaksi, teks dan tulisan. Wacana ialah keseluruhan pelahiran bahasa oleh penutur atau penulis, sistem bahasa dan unsur-unsur luar daripada sistem bahasa yang menyumbang kea arah menjadikan menggunakan pertuturan atau tulisan berkenaan sebagai sesuatu yang bermakna dalam berkomunikasi (Asmah Haji Omar, 1986). Wacana didefinisikan sebagai unit bahasa yang mempunyai kesantunan fikiran dan melebihi batas ayat. Dalam hierarki bahasa, wacana terletak pada tingkat yang teringgi, iaitu hadir selepas tingkat ayat.

Wacana mengandungi sistem komunikasi antara dua atau lebih orang. Selain itu, wacana juga boleh diistilahkan melalui tulisan dan bacaan daripada seseorang. Namun, wacana seharusnya mengandungi ayat yang bermakna serta mengandungi situasi yang dikaitkan dengan ayat tersebut. Justeru, wacana dapat difahami dengan baik oleh seseorang. Wacana merupakan keseluruhan tutur suatu kesatuan, ujaran, ucapan, pertuturan dan percakapan. Selain itu, wacana juga dilihat dari aspek penulisan yang ditulis oleh penulis melalui buku, majalah, akhbar, makalah dan segala bentuk tulisan. Di dalam bentuk perbincangan atau pertukaran idea dalam lisan, wacana dapat dikenalpasti dengan lebih baik. Seseorang individu itu mengadakan perbincangan berbentuk ilmu, pengalaman, penceritaan dan sebagainya. Kesatuan fikiran sama ada dalam bentuk lisan seperti pidato, khutbah, debat, syarahan, perbualan dan sebagainya atau tulisan seperti surat, artikel, novel, cerpen, puisi dan sebagainya dapat dilihat dan difahami dengan lebih baik melalui pengetahuan tentang teori dan pembacaan karya yang berbentuk sastera.

Hawthorn (1992) mengemukakan definisi wacana sebagai komunikasi kebahasaan yang dilihat sebagai pertukaran antara pembicara dan pendengar dengan mengambil kira tajuk perbincangan dan persekitaran. Definisi wacana dapat dilihat dari pelbagai aspek. Melalui aspek sosiologi, wacana merujuk pada hubungan konteks sosial dalam pemakaian bahasa sedangkan dari segi linguistik pula, wacana adalah unit bahasa yang lebih besar daripada kalimat. Fowler (1991) mengatakan bahana wacana merupakan komunikasi lisan dan tulisan yang dilihat darpada titik pandangan kepercayaan, nilai dan kategori yang terdapat di dalamnya.

Brown & Yule (1983) menegaskan bahawa wacana boleh dilihat melalui lisan dan tulisan yang dianalisis bagi tujuan pemahaman yang lebih baik. Stubbs (1983) juga bersetuju dengan Brown & Yule (1983) dan menyatakan bahawa aspek linguistik harus diterapkan bagi tujuan analisis wacana.

No.	Teks asal	Teks Google Translate	Track changes	Teks bersih
1.	Wacana merupakan bahasa daripada individu atau kumpulan dalam bentuk ujaran, interaksi, teks dan tulisan. Wacana ialah keseluruhan pelahiran bahasa oleh penutur atau penulis, sistem bahasa dan unsur-unsur luar daripada sistem bahasa yang menyumbang ke arah menjadikan menggunakan pertuturan atau tulisan berkenaan sebagai sesuatu yang bermakna dalam berkomunikasi (Asmah Haji Omar, 1986).	Discourse is the language of individuals or groups in the form of utterances, interactions, texts and writings. The whole discourse of the birth of language by the speaker or writer, the language system and there is nothing unusual about the language system that uses the direction that uses the speech or writing as something necessary in communicating (Asmah Haji Omar, 1986).	Discourse is the language of individuals or groups in the form of utterances, interactions, texts and writings. ~~The~~ Discourse is a whole ~~discourse of the~~ birth of language by the speaker or writer, the language system and ~~there is~~ ~~nothing~~ everything unusual about the language system that uses the direction ~~that~~ which uses the speech or writing as something necessary in communicating (Asmah Haji Omar, 1986).	Discourse is the language of individuals or groups in the form of utterances, interactions, texts and writings. Discourse is a birth of language by the speaker or writer, the language system and everything unusual about the language system that uses the direction which uses the speech or writing as something necessary in communicating (Asmah Haji Omar, 1986).
2.	Wacana didefinisikan sebagai unit bahasa yang mempunyai kesantunan fikiran dan melebihi batas ayat. Dalam hierarki bahasa, wacana terletak pada tingkat yang tertinggi, iaitu hadir selepas tingkat ayat.	Discourse is defined as a unit of language that has politeness of mind and exceeds sentence limits. In the language hierarchy, discourse is located at the highest level, i.e. present after the sentence level.	Discourse is defined as a unit of language that has politeness of mind and exceeds the sentence limits. In the language hierarchy, discourse is located at the highest level, ~~i.e.~~ which present after the sentence level.	Discourse is defined as a unit of language that has politeness of mind and exceeds the sentence limits. In the language hierarchy, discourse is located at the highest level, which present after the sentence level.
3.	Wacana mengandungi sistem komunikasi antara dua atau lebih orang. Selain itu, wacana juga boleh diistilahkan melalui tulisan dan bacaan daripada seseorang. Namun, wacana seharusnya mengandungi ayat yang bermakna serta mengandungi situasi yang dikaitkan dengan ayat tersebut.	Discourse contains a system of communication between two or more people. In addition, discourse can also be termed through writing and reading from someone. However, the discourse should contain meaningful sentences as well as contain situations associated with the sentence.	Discourse contains a system of communication between two or more people. In addition, discourse can also be termed through writing and reading from someone. However, the discourse should be contained of meaningful sentences as well as contain situations ~~associated~~ that related with the sentence.	Discourse contains a system of communication between two or more people. In addition, discourse can also be termed through writing and reading from someone. However, the discourse should be contained of meaningful sentences as well as contain situations that related with the sentence.
4.	Justeru, wacana dapat difahami dengan baik oleh seseorang. Wacana merupakan keseluruhan tutur suatu kesatuan, ujaran, ucapan, pertuturan dan percakapan. Selain itu, wacana juga dilihat dari aspek penulisan yang ditulis oleh penulis melalui buku, majalah, akhbar, makalah dan segala bentuk tulisan.	Thus, discourse can be well understood by one. Discourse is the whole speech of a union, utterance, speech, speech and conversation. In addition, discourse is also seen from the aspect of writing written by the author through books, magazines, newspapers, papers and all forms of writing.	Thus, discourse can be well understood by one. Discourse is the whole speech of a union, utterance, speech, ~~speech~~ talk and conversation. In addition, discourse is also seen from the aspect of writing written by the author through books, magazines, newspapers, papers and all forms of writing.	Thus, discourse can be well understood by one. Discourse is the whole speech of a union, utterance, speech, talk and conversation. In addition, discourse is also seen from the aspect of writing written by the author through books, magazines, newspapers, papers and all forms of writing.
5.	Di dalam bentuk perbincangan atau pertukaran idea dalam lisan, wacana dapat dikenalpasti dengan lebih baik. Seseorang individu itu mengadakan perbincangan berbentuk ilmu, pengalaman, penceritaan dan sebagainya.	In the form of discussion or exchange of ideas in oral, discourse can be better identified. An individual holds discussions in the form of knowledge, experience, storytelling and so on.	In the form of discussion or exchange of ideas in oral, discourse can be better identified. An individual holds ~~discussions~~ discussion in the form of knowledge, experience, storytelling and so on.	In the form of discussion or exchange of ideas in oral, discourse can be better identified. An individual holds discussion in the form of knowledge, experience, storytelling and so on.
6.	Kesatuan fikiran sama ada dalam bentuk lisan seperti pidato, khutbah, debat, syarahan, perbualan dan sebagainya atau tulisan seperti surat, artikel dan melalui novel, cerpen, puisi sebagainya dapat dilihat dan difahami dengan lebih baik melalui pengetahuan tentang teori dan pembacaan karya yang berbentuk sastera.	Unity of mind whether in oral form such as speeches, sermons, debates, lectures, conversations and so on or writings such as letters, articles and through novels, short stories, poems etc. can be seen and understood better through knowledge of theory and reading of literary works.	Unity of mind whether in oral form such as speeches, sermons, debates, lectures, conversations and so on or writings such as letters, articles and through novels, short stories, poems ~~etc.~~ and others can be seen and understood better through knowledge of theory and reading of literary works.	Unity of mind whether in oral form such as speeches, sermons, debates, lectures, conversations and so on or writings such as letters, articles and through novels, short stories, poems and others can be seen and understood better through knowledge of theory and reading of literary works.
7.	Hawthorn (1992) mengemukakan definisi wacana sebagai komunikasi kebahasaan yang dilihat sebagai pertukaran antara pembicara dan pendengar dengan mengambil kira tajuk perbincangan dan persekitaran.	Hawthorn (1992) put forward the definition of discourse as linguistic communication seen as an exchange between speaker and listener taking into account the topic of discussion and the environment.	Hawthorn (1992) put forward the definition of discourse as linguistic communication seen as an exchange between speaker and listener taking into ~~account~~ the topic of discussion and the environment.	Hawthorn (1992) put forward the definition of discourse as linguistic communication seen as an exchange between speaker and listener taking into the topic of discussion and the environment.
8.	Definisi wacana dapat dilihat dari pelbagai aspek. Melalui aspek sosiologi, wacana merujuk pada hubungan konteks sosial dalam pemakaian bahasa sedangkan dari segi linguistik pula, wacana adalah unit bahasa yang lebih besar daripada kalimat.	The definition of discourse can be seen from various aspects. Through the sociological aspect, discourse refers to the relationship of social context in the use of language while in terms of linguistics, discourse is a unit of language that is larger than the sentence.	The definition of discourse can be seen from various aspects. Through the sociological aspect, discourse refers to the relationship of social context in the use of language while in terms of linguistics, discourse is a unit of language that is larger than the ~~sentence~~ word	The definition of discourse can be seen from various aspects. Through the sociological aspect, discourse refers to the relationship of social context in the use of language while in terms of linguistics, discourse is a unit of language that is larger than the word.
9.	Fowler (1991) mengatakan bahana wacana merupakan komunikasi lisan dan tulisan yang dilihat darpada titik pandangan kepercayaan, nilai dan kategori yang terdapat di dalamnya.	Fowler (1991) says that discourse material is oral and written communication seen from the point of view of beliefs, values and categories contained in it.	Fowler (1991) says that discourse material is an oral and ~~written~~ communication writing which can be seen from the ~~point of view~~ view point of beliefs, values and categories contained in it.	Fowler (1991) says that discourse material is an oral and written communication writing which can be seen from the view point of beliefs, values and categories contained in it.
10.	Brown & Yule (1983) menegaskan bahawa wacana boleh dilihat melalui lisan dan tulisan yang dianalisis bagi tujuan pemahaman yang lebih baik. Stubbs (1983) juga bersetuju dengan Brown & Yule (1983) dan menyatakan bahawa aspek linguistic harus diterapkan bagi tujuan analisis wacana.	Brown & Yule (1983) assert that discourse can be seen through oral and written analysis for the purpose of better understanding. Stubbs (1983) also agrees with Brown & Yule (1983) and states that linguistic aspects should be applied for the purpose of discourse analysis.	Brown & Yule (1983) assert that discourse can be seen through oral and ~~written~~ writing that has been ~~analysis~~ analyzed for the purpose of better understanding. Stubbs (1983) also agrees with Brown & Yule (1983) and states that linguistic aspects should be applied for the purpose of discourse analysis.	Brown & Yule (1983) assert that discourse can be seen through oral and writing that has been analyzed for the purpose of better understanding. Stubbs (1983) also agrees with Brown & Yule (1983) and states that linguistic aspects should be applied for the purpose of discourse analysis.

Discourse is the language of individuals or groups in the form of utterances, interactions, texts and writings. Discourse is a birth of language by the speaker or writer, the language system and everything unusual about the language system that uses the direction which uses the speech or writing as something necessary in communicating (Asmah Haji Omar, 1986). Discourse is defined as a unit of language that has politeness of mind and exceeds the sentence limits. In the language hierarchy, discourse is located at the highest level, which present after the sentence level.

Discourse contains a system of communication between two or more people. In addition, discourse can also be termed through writing and reading from someone. However, the discourse should be contained of meaningful sentences as well as contain situations that related with the sentence. Thus, discourse can be well understood by one. Discourse is the whole speech of a union, utterance, speech, talk and conversation. In addition, discourse is also seen from the aspect of writing written by the author through books, magazines, newspapers, papers and all forms of writing. In the form of discussion or exchange of ideas in oral, discourse can be better identified. An individual holds discussion in the form of knowledge, experience, storytelling and so on. Unity of mind whether in oral form such as speeches, sermons, debates, lectures, conversations and so on or writings such as letters, articles and through novels, short stories, poems and others can be seen and understood better through knowledge of theory and reading of literary works.

Hawthorn (1992) put forward the definition of discourse as linguistic communication seen as an exchange between speaker and listener taking into the topic of discussion and the environment. The definition of discourse can be seen from various aspects. Through the sociological aspect, discourse refers to the relationship of social context in the use of language while in terms of linguistics, discourse is a unit of language that is larger than the word. Fowler (1991) says that discourse material is an oral and communication writing which can be seen from the view point of beliefs, values and categories contained in it. Brown & Yule (1983) assert that discourse can be seen through oral and writing that has been analyzed for the purpose of better understanding. Stubbs (1983) also agrees with Brown & Yule (1983) and states that linguistic aspects should be applied for the purpose of discourse analysis.

Berikut adalah antara beberapa definisi wacana:

Sumber	Definisi Wacana
Edmonson (1981)	Wacana adalah suatu peristiwa berstruktur yang dimanifestasikan dalam perilaku linguistik bahasa atau yang lainnya.
Kamus Dewan (Edisi Keempat)	Wacana merupakan keseluruhan tutur yang merupakan kesatuan, ucapan, pertuturan, percakapan dan perbincangan atau pertukaran idea secara lisan. la juga merupakan kesatuan fikiran yang utuh sama ada dalam bentuk lisan ataupun tulisan.
Asmah Haji Omar (1986)	Wacana ialah keseluruhan pelahiran bahasa oleh penutur atau penulis, iaitu sistem bahasa dan unsur luar daripada sistem bahasa yang menyumbang ke arah menjadikan pertuturan atau tulisan berkenaan sebagai sesuatu yang bermakna dalam komunikasi.
Raminah Hj. Sabran & Rahim Syam (1985)	Wacana adalah unit bahasa yang melebihi batas ayat iaitu boleh terdiri daripada ayat, sejumlah ayat, ceraian, bab, buku, cerita, dialog dan sebagainya yang dalamnya memperlihatkan hubungan dan perkembangan fikiran yang berturutan. Dengan perkataan lain, wacana adalah satu satuan bahasa yang lengkap.
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2014)	Wacana adalah bahasa yang dilahirkan oleh penutur atau penulis. Bahasa yang ditutur serta ditulis mengandungi makna serta difahami oleh pendengar atau pembaca.
Stubbs (1983)	Wacana dapat dilihat melalui sistem tutur dan tulisan, mempunyai makna serta difahami oleh pendengar dan pembaca.
Brown & Yule (1983)	Wacana boleh dilihat melalui lisan dan tulisan yang dianalisis bagi tujuan pemahaman yang lebih baik.
Halliday & Hassan (1985)	Wacana terdiri daripada apa jua kalimat sama ada lisan atau tulisan (tidak kira panjang atau pendek) yang mempunyai makna keseluruhan.
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)	Wacana meliputi ujaran, interaksi, tulisan dan teks yang dianalisis bagi tujuan mencari makna tersirat dan tersurat. Wacana juga meliputi bahasa simbol, isyarat dan apa jua yang memberi makna kepada semua pihak yang terlibat.

No.	Teks asal	Teks Google Translate	Track changes	Teks bersih
1.	Edmonson (1981) Wacana adalah suatu peristiwa berstruktur yang dimanifestasikan dalam perilaku linguistik bahasa atau yang lainnya.	Edmonson (1981) Discourse is a structured event that is manifested in the linguistic behavior of other languages.	Edmonson (1981) Discourse is a structured event that is manifested in the language linguistic ~~behavior~~ manner of or ~~other~~ others ~~languages.~~	Edmonson (1981) Discourse is a structured event that is manifested in the language linguistic manner or others.
2.	Kamus Dewan (Edisi Keempat) Wacana merupakan keseluruhan tutur yang merupakan kesatuan, ucapan, pertuturan, percakapan dan perbincangan atau pertukaran idea secara lisan. la juga merupakan kesatuan fikiran yang utuh sama ada dalam bentuk lisan ataupun tulisan.	Kamus Dewan (Edisi Keempat) Discourse is the whole of speech which is unity, speech, speech, conversation and discussion or exchange of ideas orally. It is also a whole unit of thought whether in oral or written form.	Kamus Dewan (Edisi Keempat) Discourse is the whole of speech ~~which is~~ that tells unity, speech, speech, conversation and discussion or exchange of ideas orally. It is also a whole unit of strong thought whether in oral or written form.	Kamus Dewan (Edisi Keempat) Discourse is the whole of speech that tells unity, speech, speech, conversation and discussion or exchange of ideas orally. It is also a whole unit of strong thought whether in oral or written form.
3.	Asmah Haji Omar (1986) Wacana ialah keseluruhan pelahiran bahasa oleh penutur atau penulis, iaitu sistem bahasa dan unsur luar daripada sistem bahasa yang menyumbang ke arah menjadikan pertuturan atau tulisan berkenaan sebagai sesuatu yang bermakna dalam komunikasi.	Asmah Haji Omar (1986) Discourse is the whole birth of language by the speaker or writer, which is the language system and elements outside the language system that contribute towards making the speech or writing as something meaningful in communication.	Asmah Haji Omar (1986) Discourse is the whole ~~birth~~ creation of language by the speaker or writer, which is ~~the~~ a language system and elements ~~outside~~ that are outside from the language system that contribute towards ~~making~~ implementing the speech or writing as something meaningful in communication.	Asmah Haji Omar (1986) Discourse is the whole creation of language by the speaker or writer, which is a language system and elements that are outside from the language system that contribute towards implementing the speech or writing as something meaningful in communication.
4.	Raminah Hj. Sabran & Rahim Syam (1985) Wacana adalah unit bahasa yang melebihi batas ayat iaitu boleh terdiri daripada ayat, sejumlah ayat, ceraian, bab, buku, cerita, dialog dan sebagainya yang dalamnya memperlihatkan hubungan dan perkembangan fikiran yang berturutan. Dengan perkataan lain, wacana adalah satu satuan bahasa yang lengkap.	Raminah Hj. Sabran & Rahim Syam (1985) Discourse is a unit of language that exceeds the sentence limit that can consist of sentences, a number of sentences, divorce, chapters, books, stories, dialogues and so on which in it shows the relationship and development of consecutive thoughts. In other words, discourse is a complete unit of language.	Raminah Hj. Sabran & Rahim Syam (1985) Discourse is a unit of language that exceeds the sentence limit ~~that~~ which is can consist of by sentences, a number of sentences, ~~divorce~~ fraction, chapters, books, stories, dialogues and ~~so on~~ others which in it ~~shows~~ depicts the relationship and development of consecutive thoughts. In the other words, discourse is a complete unit of language.	Raminah Hj. Sabran & Rahim Syam (1985) Discourse is a unit of language that exceeds the sentence limit which is can consist by sentence, a number of sentences, fraction, chapters, books, stories, dialogues and others which in it depicts the relationship and development of consecutive thoughts. In the other words, discourse is a complete unit of language.
5.	Normaliza Abd Rahim (2014) Wacana adalah bahasa yang dilahirkan oleh penutur atau penulis. Bahasa yang ditutur serta ditulis mengandungi makna serta difahami oleh pendengar atau pembaca.	Normaliza Abd Rahim (2014) Discourse is the language born of the speaker or writer. The language spoken and written contains meaning and is understood by the listener or reader.	Normaliza Abd Rahim (2014) Discourse is the language born of by the speaker or writer. The language spoken and written contains meaning and is understood by the listener or reader.	Normaliza Abd Rahim (2014) Discourse is the language born by the speaker or writer. The language spoken and written contains meaning and is understood by the listener or reader.
6.	Stubbs (1983) Wacana dapat dilihat melalui sistem tutur dan tulisan, mempunyai makna serta difahami oleh pendengar dan pembaca.	Stubbs (1983) Discourse can be seen through the system of speech and writing, has meaning and is understood by listeners and readers.	Stubbs (1983) Discourse can be seen ~~through~~ by the system of speech and writing, it has meaning and is understood by listeners and readers.	Stubbs (1983) Discourse can be seen by the system of speech and writing, it has meaning and is understood by listeners and readers.
7.	Brown & Yule (1983) Wacana boleh dilihat melalui lisan dan tulisan yang dianalisis bagi tujuan pemahaman yang lebih baik.	Brown & Yule (1983) Discourse can be seen through oral and written analysis for the purpose of better understanding.	Brown & Yule (1983) Discourse can be seen ~~through~~ by oral and written analysis for the purpose of better ~~understanding.~~ comprehend.	Brown & Yule (1983) Discourse can be seen by oral and written analysis for the purpose of better comprehend.
8.	Halliday & Hassan (1985) Wacana terdiri daripada apa jua kalimat sama ada lisan atau tulisan (tidak kira panjang atau pendek) yang mempunyai makna keseluruhan.	Halliday & Hassan (1985) Discourse consists of any sentence whether oral or written (whether long or short) that has an overall meaning.	Halliday & Hassan (1985) Discourse ~~consists of~~ consisted by any ~~sentence~~ words whether ~~oral~~ orally or written (whether in long or short) that ~~has~~ provides an overall meaning.	Halliday & Hassan (1985) Discourse consisted by any words whether orally or written (in long or short) that provides an overall meaning.
9.	Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b) Wacana meliputi ujaran, interaksi, tulisan dan teks yang dianalisis bagi tujuan mencari makna tersirat dan tersurat. Wacana juga meliputi bahasa simbol, isyarat dan apa jua yang memberi makna kepada semua pihak yang terlibat.	Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b) Discourse includes utterances, interactions, writings and texts analyzed for the purpose of finding implicit and explicit meaning. Discourse also covers the language of symbols, gestures and anything that gives meaning to all parties involved.	Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b) Discourse includes utterances, interactions, writings and texts that has been analyzed for the purpose of ~~finding~~ seeking implicit and explicit meaning. Discourse also covers the language of symbols, gestures and anything that ~~gives~~ provides the meaning to all parties involved.	Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b) Discourse includes utterances, interactions, writings and texts that has been analyzed for the purpose of seeking implicit and explicit meaning. Discourse also covers the language of symbols, gestures and anything that provides the meaning to all parties involved.

Here are some definitions of discourse:

Source	Definitions of discourse
Edmonson (1981)	Discourse is a structured event that is manifested in the language linguistic manner or others.
Kamus Dewan (Edisi Keempat)	Discourse is the whole of speech that tells unity, speech, speech, conversation and discussion or exchange of ideas orally. It is also a whole unit of strong thought whether in oral or written form.
Asmah Haji Omar (1986)	Discourse is the whole creation of language by the speaker or writer, which is a language system and elements that are outside from the language system that contribute towards implementing the speech or writing as something meaningful in communication.
Raminah Hj. Sabran & Rahim Syam (1985)	Discourse is a unit of language that exceeds the sentence limit which is can consist by sentence, a number of sentences, fraction, chapters, books, stories, dialogues and others which in it depicts the relationship and development of consecutive thoughts. In the other words, discourse is a complete unit of language.
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2014)	Discourse is the language born by the speaker or writer. The language spoken and written contains meaning and is understood by the listener or reader.
Stubbs (1983)	Discourse can be seen by the system of speech and writing, it has meaning and is understood by listeners and readers.
Brown & Yule (1983)	Discourse can be seen by oral and written analysis for the purpose of better comprehend.
Halliday & Hassan (1985)	Discourse consisted by any words whether orally or written (in long or short) that provides an overall meaning.
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)	Discourse includes utterances, interactions, writings and texts that has been analyzed for the purpose of seeking implicit and explicit meaning. Discourse also covers the language of symbols, gestures and anything that provides the meaning to all parties involved.

RUMUSAN

Definisi wacana dapat difahami dengan jelas dengan merujuk kepada wacana berbentuk teks, tulisan, ujaran dan interaksi. Adalah wajar setiap wacana difokus dan dianalisis dengan teliti supaya analisis dapat difahami dengan jelas. Pemahaman setiap wacana tersebut dilihat sebagai satu perkara yang mudah apabila seseorang itu faham akan tujuan setiap wacana yang disampaikan. Malah, akan lebih jelas lagi apabila dihuraikan dengan lebih terperinci dan teliti.

No.	Teks asal	Teks Google Translate	Track changes	Teks bersih
1.	Definisi wacana dapat difahami dengan jelas dengan merujuk kepada wacana berbentuk teks, tulisan, ujaran dan interaksi. Adalah wajar setiap wacana difokus dan dianalisis dengan teliti supaya analisis dapat difahami dengan jelas. Pemahaman setiap wacana tersebut dilihat sebagai satu perkara yang mudah apabila seseorang itu faham akan tujuan setiap wacana yang disampaikan. Malah, akan lebih jelas lagi apabila dihuraikan dengan lebih terperinci dan teliti.	The definition of discourse can be clearly understood by referring to discourse in the form of text, writing, utterances and interactions. It is desirable that each discourse be focused and analyzed carefully so that the analysis can be clearly understood. Understanding each of these discourses is seen as an easy thing when one understands the purpose of each discourse delivered. In fact, it will be even clearer when described in more detail and thoroughness.	The definition of discourse can be clearly understood by referring to discourse in the ~~form of text~~ text forms, writing, utterances and interactions. It is ~~desirable~~ important ~~that~~ for each discourse to be focused and analyzed carefully so that the analysis can be clearly understood. Understanding ~~each~~ of these discourses is seen as an easy ~~thing~~ task when ~~one~~ people understands the purpose of each discourse be delivered for. In fact, it will be even clearer when described in more detail and thoroughness.	The definition of discourse can be clearly understood by referring to discourse in the text forms, writing, utterances and interactions. It is important for each discourse to be focused and analyzed carefully so that the analysis can be clearly understood. Understanding of these discourses is seen as an easy task when people understand the purpose of each discourse be delivered for. In fact, it will be even clearer when described in more detail and thoroughness.

SUMMARY

The definition of discourse can be clearly understood by referring to discourse in the text forms, writing, utterances and interactions. It is important for each discourse to be focused and analyzed carefully so that the analysis can be clearly understood. Understanding of these discourses is seen as an easy task when people understand the purpose of each discourse be delivered for. In fact, it will be even clearer when described in more detail and thoroughness.

RUJUKAN

Teks asal ini diambil daripada buku Kajian Wacana dan Strategi Komunikasi Teori dan Aplikasi daripada pensyarah dari Universiti Putra Malaysia, Prof Normaliza Abd Rahim.