TUGASAN BERKUMPULAN
TEKS ASAL
6. Definisi Operasional & Organisasi Kajian (Bab 1) #JomTulisTesis
Bab 1 seterunya kita pergi 1.8 iaitu definisi operasional. Ok, ini agak sukar ya kadang-kadang pelajar ni dia agak keliru, operasional bermakna tentang definisi yang tentang kajian kita jalankan bukan definisi konsep. Bukanlah definisi macam contoh ada pelajar pergi buat apa makna wacana 1, makna skrip 1, tekstual 1, animasi 1, cerita 1, rakyat 1, Melayu 1, itu salah ya. Kita bukan nak definisi itu. Kalau definisi tiap-tiap satu inilah pelajar akan rujuk kamus dewan je. Dia rujuk semua jenis kamus. Tak mahu. Jangan. Jadi operasional ialah tentang kajian kita. Jadi biasanya definisi operasional ini minima 2 ataupun maksima paling maksima pun 3. Tentang bagaimana kita nak jalankan kajian ni supaya bila pembaca, baca baru faham. “Oh ini maksudnya.” Jadi kalau kita tengok tajuk ini kita boleh ambil satu wacana tekstual. Ok lagi satu Skrip Animasi Cerita Rakyat Melayu. Ha, boleh. Kalau kita nak ambil bezakan skrip animasi. Jadi satu skrip animasi yang takde kaitan pulak skrip animasi apa? Jadi kita boleh teruskan untuk tajuk ini mungkin ada 2. Tajuk yang lain mungkin ada 3. Kalau kita ambil tajuk daripada kejuruteraan. Contohnya, mungkin operasional ada banyak. Sebab kita dia ada banyak dia punya pembolehubah dekat dalam tu. Kalau daripada apa nama yang kalau buat tesis sains pun begitu. Ada banyak pembolehubah yang membolehkan kita membuat definisi operasional. Supaya pemeriksa faham apa kaitan tu dengan dalam tesis tersebut. Kalau dari segi, kalau kita tengok tesis dalam bentuk ekonomi pun begitu. Kita ada banyak dia punya pembolehubah. Jadi akan mungkin lebih daripada 3. Jadi untuk yang ini kita fokus kepada 2. Ni saya bagi contoh ya. Jadi awak boleh berat dalam macam ni. Kemudian letak contohnya wacana tekstual. Tapi wacana tekstual ni awak nak kaji nak buat definisi operasional ni mesti berkaitan dengan kajian. Ya mesti berkaitan dengan kajian dan pastikan bahawa bukanlah yang bermakna yang kena ambil rujukan daripada perlu ada rujukan. Ini perlu ada rujukan. Ada satu cara, satu maknanya awak buat wacana tekstual. Orang kata apa berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Wacana tekstual yang berfokus kepada skrip animasi. Wacana ini yang berfokus kepada skrip animasi. Wacana ini wacana tekstual ini akan di analisis dengan menggunakan 3 elemen. Ni contoh lah ya. Contoh 3 elemen iaitu kandungan konteks dan andaian. Jadi wacana tekstual menurut buku Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), wacana tekstual boleh jadi rujukan. Dia juga 1.8.2 iaitu skrip animasi cerita rakyat Melayu. Jadi ini kenalah berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Apa dia huraikan serba ringkas. Skrip animasi, cerita rakyat Melayu terdiri daripada 20 cerita sebab dalam awak punya tesis, awak punya analisis 20 cerita. Jadi ni cerita tersebut skrip berbentuk apa dia. Jadi huraian mungkin yang ini skrip animasi, cerita rakyat Melayu ni awak huraikan ialah kita nak berkaitan tentang kajian kita. Jadi takde rujukan awak nak letak, takpe boleh diterima sebab definisi yang ini memang berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Jadi ada dua cara. Satu cara mempunyai rujukan. Ini ada rujukan jadi yang kedua tiada rujukan maknanya awak buat huraian. Huraian tentang wacana tekstual tu dari segi konteks awak punya tesis. Yang ini pun dari konteks awak punya kajian, awak punya tesis. Jadi takde rujukan. Dua dua boleh diterima. Tetapi macam saya katakan sebelum ini. Rujuk penyelia. Kalau rujuk penyelia, penyelia kata ada rujukan. Letak rujukan. Kalau penyelia kata takpe saya percaya bahawa kalau takde rujukan pun saya faham dan ini sebenarnya tidak perlu rujukan kerana ia berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Bukan kajian orang lain. Macam saya katakan sebelum ini. Kita ini berbeza pendapat. Berbeza sekolah. Jadi difference school of tough. Jadi pemikiran kita berbeza. Jadi pemikiran penyelia kalau ada sejuta penyelia kita ada sejuta pemikiran yang berbeza. Jadi terpulang kepada penyelia. Jadi kalau saya tiba-tiba hari ini saya kata ok memang tak perlu sebab bagi saya definisi operasional ni tentang kajian bagaimana awak nak jalankan kajian. Nama pun operasional. Jalankan kajian bukan kita nak definisi konsep bukannya kita apa. Jadi kalau ada rujukan pastikan kalau awak nak buat rujukan tak boleh ya. Ini tak boleh rujuk kamus. Dah kenapa nak rujuk kamus. Tak payah. Kena rujuk daripada kajian-kajian bukannya rujuk kamus yang kata menurut Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat, wacana tekstual ialah bla bla bla. Tak boleh. Tak boleh itu pun kita pun tahu. Janganlah rujuk kamus. Dah kenapa kan. Jadi kita rujuk rujukan. Rujukan kajian-kajian daripada orang lain ya. Saya kata satu boleh rujuk kedua tiada rujukan boleh diterima dan terpulang kepada penyelia masing-masing. Jadi kalau diterima itu iyalah akurlah. Ikut cakap dia. Jadi sekarang ini kalau kita lihat setelah ambil definisi operasional. Kita ada teruskan iaitu kat belakang ini ada ya subtopik 1.9 iaitu organisasi kajian. Ok organisasi kajian ini sebenarnya terpulang kepada individu. Kepada pelajar dan juga penyelia. Yang ini biasanya saya akan suruh untuk pelajar PhD. Pelajar PhD saya akan suruh letakkanlah organisasi kajian. Kadang-kadang pelajar Master pun boleh kalau tak letak pun takpe. Ini boleh pilih. Jika perlu organisasi kajian ini awak buat dalam bentuk perenggan. Jadi perenggan pertama apa ada dalam bab 1. Kemudian perenggan seterusnya perenggan 1 apa ada dalam bab 1. Perenggan 2 apa dalam bab 2 perenggan 3 ni kita nak organisasi. Kita nak buat secara ringkas supaya bila penyelia baca dia rasa oh bab 1 ada benda ni rupanya. Bab 2 ada benda ni rupanya. Bab 3 ada ni, jadi organisasi penyusunan. Penyusunan tesis kita secara teratur. Jadi perenggan dalam ringkas sahaja. Ringkas sahaja kerana macam saya nyatakan kat sebelum ini setiap bab ada pengenalan. Pengenalan tu kita dah katakan dah apa ada dalam bab tesebut. Tetapi dalam organisasi kajian ini kita kena nyatakanlah secara ringkas apa ada dalam tiap-tiap perenggan. Jadi untuk pelajar PhD memang saya wajibkan supaya dia sendiri boleh faham apa ada dalam tiap-tiap bab. Kalau pelajar Master bolehlah kalau dia nak buat. Tak buat pun takpe. Pelajar bacelor pun takpe. Diploma pun takde masalah kalau ada yang nak buat. Pokoknya terpulang kepada penyelia. Dan akhir sekali 1.10 baru masuk kesimpulan. Semua bab macam saya katakan tadi, semua bab mesti ada kesimpulan. Takde kesimpulan manalah boleh. Kita nak simpulkan apa ada dalam bab tersebut. Jadi ada yang saya dapati tesis takde kesimpulan tergantung je macam ni. Bila tergantung habis je tanpa yang ini. Jadikan, kita tengok tiba-tiba dah masuk bab 2. Jadi tidak ada kesinambungan bab 1 dengan bab 2. Macam bab 1 tu ada satu bab lain. dia jadi macam entiti lain pula. Jadi, takde kaitan langsung dalam bab 2. Tak boleh. Kita kena ada kesimpulan, kesimpulan ini kita simpulkan apa ada dalam bab 1 dan juga ingat ayat akhir. Ayat akhir kita kena letak kaitkan dengan bab seterusnya. Bab seterusnya iaitu bab 2 akan membincangkan sorotan kajian bla bla bla. Jadi bolehlah kita dapati bahawa ada kesinambungan antara bab 1 dan bab 2. Jadi serupa juga macam saya terangkan dalam bab-bab lain. Dalam bab kesimpulan mestilah ayat akhir mesti ada kita nyatakan apa ada dalam bab seterusnya. Jadi penting ada kesimpulan. Tapi itulah macam saya kata kadang-kadang ada penyelia kata “tak payah lah kita nak simpulkan”. Hah, mungkin itu dia punya pemikiran berbeza. Macam saya katakan tadi, different school of tough. Jadi bila berbeza takpelah kita redha dan kita terima. Ok, dah bab 1. Ini kita dah bersemangat dah bab 1 kita ni maknanya kita dah habis bab 1. Lupa nak cakap, halaman. “Berapa halaman bab 1 ya prof?” ok bab 1 ini kita biasanya halaman ya, halaman bab 1 ni kita sebab kita dah masuk dia punya orang kata apa latar belakanglah, persoalan, kita punya masalah kajian semua tu lebih kurang 8 hingga 10 sahaja. Inikan, itu yang saya kata bahaya. Ada pelajar letak sampai 30 halaman. Ini nak tahu kenapa jadi 30? Bahagian masalah kajian itu pun dah 15 halaman. Itu lah dia masalah kajian dah adaa 30 halaman dia akan jadi macam seolah-olah buat sorotan kajian. Itu dah salah, sebab masalah kajian kita ambil betul-betul penting masukkan dekat dalam tu. Sedangkan kita tahu bahawa dalam bab 2 memang banyak ada jurang dekat situ. Jadi itu pun semua adalah masalah tetapi kita ambil yang penting sahaja. Jadi bila dia letak masalah kajian itu ada 30 bermakna dah memang jadi sebanyak 15 halaman maka jadilah 30. Dah salah dah. Sebabnya yang penting sekarang ini dia akan jadi samalah dengan bab 2. Dia jadi masalah kajian itu panjang lebar. Bersemangat sangat dia tulis permasalahan kajian dia jadi 15 halaman. Ya itu memanglah sikit-sikit dah jadi macam sorotan kajian. Dah jadi salah. Jadi saya kata tadi permasalahan kajian itu kita fokuskan ikut objektif. Objektif ada 2. Dua perenggan masalah kajian, objektif ada 3, tiga perenggan tapi padat. Dia padat dekat dalam tu. Walaupun ringkas tetapi padat. Jadi dikaitkan dengan objektif tapi yang selebihnya sorotan ataupun jurang penyelidikan yang lain mempunyai masalah ada dalam bab 2. Jadi pelajar boleh rujuk disitu. Jadi ni kita buang kita letak lebih kurang macam ni. Paling lebih 12 halaman. Tapi jangan kurang daripada 8. Dah jadi macam kurang halaman. Jadi lebih sikit boleh. Kalau nak sampai 15 pun boleh. Boleh diterima. Sebab mungkin dia bersemangat nak tulis latar belakang. Tak ada masalah. Tetapi janganlah lebih. Lebih sampai 15. 15 tu orang kata dah tak bolehlah kita takut dia jadi seperti macam saya katakan tadi seperti sebulat bab 2. Jangan. Jadi bila bab 2 tu mulalah pemeriksa akan slash ini tak boleh. Ini tak boleh. Slash dia potong-potong. Saya kalau misalnya panjang sangat saya lipat halaman terus saya tulis kat sini sepatutnya masuk bab 2. Sebab masa viva senang saya ingat yang saya lipat tu adalah setebal-tebalnya yang tak ada pun dengan masalah kajian. Sebab dia berleter je lebih dekat dalam tu entah apa-apa menurut pendapat sayalah. Bukan saya, maksudnya pendapat dia. “Saya dapati bahawa pelajar ini, dia tak suka lah belajar.” Masa tu baca kertas awak tu siapa yang awak kata awak dapati. Itu dia kata pelajar tak suka mengira contohnya. Dia dapati sekali itu pun dia tengok anak buah dia masa raya. Masa raya yang dia jumpa 2 minit. Lepastu dia kata anak buah dia pergi main dekat belakang. Itu dia dapati budak tak nak mengira 1 sampai 20. Dia tidak tahu bahawa hari raya siapa pulak nak mengira 1 sampai 20. Kena pulak buat ujian, ujian depan bapak saudara. Nak kena baca sifir pulak kat depan tu. Kalau dia baca sifir dapat duit raya banyak tidak apa la juga. Ok jadi kita ingat ya dalam bab 1.
TERJEMAHAN
6. Operational Definition & Organization of the Study (Chapter 1) #Let'sWriteaThesis
Chapter 1 next we go 1.8 which is the operational definition. Ok, this is a bit difficult yes sometimes this student he is a bit confused, operational means about the definition that about our study is not a concept definition. Not the definition of a sample of students go there for what the passage 1, meaning the script 1, textual one, animation 1, 1 story, people 1, French 1, that one yes. We do not want that definition. If the definition of each one is this, students will refer to “Kamus Dewan” only. It refers to all types of dictionaries. Do not want. Don't. So operational is about our study. So usually this operational definition is minimum 2 or maximum 3. About how we want to conduct this study so that when the reader, read only understand. "Oh this is what it means." So if we look at this topic we can take a textual discourse. Ok another Script Animations Folklore Festival. It’s can. If we want to differentiate the animated script. So an animated script that has nothing to do with any animated script? So we can proceed to this title there may be 2. Other titles may have 3. If we take the title from engineering. For example, there may be many operations. Because we have a lot he has variables close in there. If the one who did the science thesis is the same. There are many variables that allow us to make operational definitions. So that the examiner understands what that has to do with in the thesis. In terms of, if we look at the thesis in economic form, so is it. We have a lot he has variables. So it will probably be more than 3. So for this one we focus on 2. Here I am for an example. So you can weigh in like this. Then place for example textual discourse. But this textual discourse you want to study to make this operational definition must be related to the study. Yes, it must be related to the study and make sure that it does not mean that there should be a reference than there should be a reference. This needs to be a reference. There is one way, one means you make a textual discourse. People say what is relevant to your study. Textual discourse focused on animated scripts. This discourse focuses on animated scripts. This discourse this textual discourse will be analyzed using 3 elements. Here is an example. Example 3 elements namely contextual content and assumptions. So textual discourse according to the book Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), textual discourse can be a reference. He also 1.8.2 of Malay folklore animation scripts. So this has to do with your research. What is described is very concise. Script animation, folklore Malays comprise 20 stories because the body has a thesis, an analysis of the body has 20 stories. So this is the story of what the script is like. So it may be that this description animation scripts, Malay folk tales describe this crew is that we want to relate about our study. So no reference you want to put, cannot be accepted because this definition is indeed related to your study. So there are two ways. One way is to have a reference. This has a reference so the second one has no reference meaning you make a description. The description of the textual discourse in terms of the context you have a thesis. This is also from the context you have a study, you have a thesis. So no reference. Two is acceptable. But like I said before. Consult a supervisor. If you consult the supervisor, the supervisor says there is a reference. Place a reference. If the supervisor says it does not matter, I believe that even if there is no reference, I understand and this actually does not need a reference because it is related to your study. Not someone else's study. Like I said before. We have different opinions. Different schools. So difference school of tough. So our thinking is different. So the thoughts of the supervisor if there are a million supervisors we have a million different thoughts. So it is up to the supervisor. So if I suddenly today say ok there is no need for me to give this operational definition of the study how you want to conduct the study. The name is operational. Conduct a study not we want the definition of the concept not what we are. So if there is a reference make sure if you want to make a reference cannot. This does not refer to the dictionary. Why do you want to refer to the dictionary? No need. It is necessary to refer from the studies instead of referring to the dictionary which says according to the “Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat”, the textual discourse is bla bla bla. Cannot. We can't even know that. Do not refer to the dictionary. Why? So we refer to the reference. Reference studies from others. I said one can refer to the second no reference is acceptable and it is up to the respective supervisor. So if it is accepted, then agree. Follow him. So now if we look after taking the operational definition. We have to continue that behind this there is subtopic 1.9 which is the study organization. The organization of this study is actually up to the individual. To students as well as supervisors. This one I usually recommend for PhD students. My PhD student will tell me to set up a study organization. Sometimes Master students can even if they don't put it. This is optional. If necessary the organization of this study you do in the form of paragraphs. So the first paragraph is what is in chapter 1. Then the next paragraph is paragraph 1 what is in chapter 1. Paragraph 2 what in chapter 2 paragraph 3 we want to organization. We want to do it briefly so that when the supervisor reads it he feels oh chapter 1 there is this thing apparently. Chapter 2 has this thing apparently. Chapter 3 is here, so organization. Regular preparation of our theses. So paragraph in brief only. It's simple because like I said before, every chapter has an introduction. In that introduction, we have already said what is in that chapter. But in the organization of this study we have to state briefly what is in each paragraph. So for a PhD student, I am obligated so that they can understand what is in each chapter. If he is a Master student, he can do it if he wants to do it. It doesn't matter. Bachelor students are not allowed. Diplomas are not a problem if anyone wants to do it. The point is up to the supervisor. And finally 1.10 just came to the conclusion. All chapters like I said earlier, all chapters must have conclusions. There is no conclusion where it can be. We want to conclude what is in the chapter. So I found that the thesis does not have a conclusion depending on this kind of thing. When hanging just finished without this one. So, we see that we have suddenly entered chapter 2. So there is no continuation of chapter 1 with chapter 2. Like chapter 1 there is another chapter. It became like any other entity. So, it has no direct connection in chapter 2. It cannot. We have to have a conclusion, this conclusion we summarize what is in chapter 1 and also remember the last sentence. Our final sentence has to be linked to the next chapter. The next chapter which is chapter 2 will discuss the highlights of the study blah bla bla. So we can find that there is a continuation between chapter 1 and chapter 2. As similar as I explained in other chapters. In the conclusion chapter must be the final sentence there must be we state what is in the next chapter. So it is important to have a conclusion. But that's like I said sometimes there is a supervisor saying "we do not need to conclude". Maybe they has a different mind. Like I said earlier, different school of tough. So when it is different, we must not be satisfied and we accept. Ok, already chapter 1. Now we are excited, we have chapter 1, this means we have finished chapter 1. I forgot to talk, page. "How many pages of chapter 1, prof?" This chapter 1 we usually page yes, this page chapter 1 we because we have entered he has people say what the background is, the question, we have a study problem all about 8 to 10 only. Here, that's what I call danger. There are students up to 30 pages. I want to know why so 30? The problem section of the study is already 15 pages. That is the problem of the study, it already has 30 pages, it will be as if to make a study highlight. That is wrong, because the problem of the study we take is really important to put close in there. While we know that in chapter 2 there are many gaps near there. So that is all a problem but we take only the important ones. So when he puts the problem of the study there are 30 meaning it has become 15 pages then it becomes 30. It is wrong. The important reason now is that will be the same as chapter 2. It will become the problem of the study at length. Very enthusiastic he wrote the problems of his study so 15 pages. Yes, of course, it has become a bit of a study highlight. It went wrong. So I said earlier that the problems of the study we focus on follow the objectives. Objectives are 2. Two paragraphs of the study problem, objectives are 3, three paragraphs but compact. It’s solid inside. Although simple but compact. So it is related to the objective but the rest of the highlights or other research gaps have problems in chapter 2. So students can refer there. So here we throw our place more or less like this. At most 12 pages. But not less than 8. It has become like less pages. So a little more can. If you want to reach 15, you can. Acceptable. Because maybe they are eager to write a background. No problem. But do not overdo it. More to 15. 15 pages people say it is not allowed, we are afraid that will be like I said earlier like a chapter 2. Do not. So when chapter 2 starts, the examiner will slash this. This is not possible. Slash into pieces. If, for example, I am very long, I fold the page and continue to write here, it should go into chapter 2. Because the viva time I easily remember that I folded it was as thick as it could be without any research problems. Because he/she just speak nonsense in that viva, it’s just my opinion. Not me, I mean his/her opinion. "I found out that this student, he does not like to study." At that time, read your paper, who did you say you found. That he/she said students do not like to count for example. He/She found that once he/she looked at his/her nieces during the feast. The time he/she met was 2 minutes. Then he/she said his/her nieces went to play behind. That he/she found the boy did not want to count 1 to 20. He/She did not know that on Eid who would want to count 1 to 20. He had to go for a test, the next test of your uncle. Need to read the multiplication at the front. If he/she reads the number of multiplication to get a lot of money, it doesn't matter. Ok so we remember in chapter 1.
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2020). Definisi Operasional & Organisasi Kajian (Bab 1) #JomTulisTesis. Dicapai pada 8 Januari 2021 daripada https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bANk-CrrhI.
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). JOM TULIS TESIS. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
