BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU5 JADUAL EDITED

TUGASAN BERKUMPULAN

MINGGU 5 TERJEMAHAN JADUAL

 

SYAMIMI RASYIDAH BINTI MOKTAR       SITI AISHAH BINTI SAUTAR

(192953)                                                      (194158)

 

 

Struktur Makro Makna global daripada satu teks yang dapat diamati daripada topik/tema suatu teks

Superstruktur Kerangka suatu teks seperti bahagian pendahuluan, Isi, penutup dan kesimpulan

Struktur Mikro Makna lokal daripada suatu teks yang dapat diamati Daripada pilihan kata, kalimat dan gaya yang dipakai oleh suatu teks

Rajah 1: Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis oleh vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

Macro Structure Global meaning of a single equateable text from a text topic/theme

Superstructure A frame of a text such as the advance section, fill, cover and conclusion

Micro Structure The meaning of the locality of a replaceable text From the choice of words, formats and styles worn by a text

Rajah 1: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by vanDijk (1977)

Macro Structure Global meaning of  from a single equateable  understandable text from a text topic/theme

Superstructure A frame of a  one text such as the advance section introduction, fill content, cover ending and conclusion

Micro Structure The meaning of the locality Local meaning of a  replaceable understandable text From the choice of words, formats and styles worn used by a text

Rajah  Figure 1: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by vanDijk (1977)

 

 

Macro Structure Global meaning from a single understandable text from a text topic/theme

Superstructure A frame of one text such as the introduction,  content, ending and conclusion

Micro Structure  Local meaning of an understandable text From the choice of words, formats and styles used by a text

 Figure 1: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

 

Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis (Fairclough, 1995)
Analisis Tekstual	Analisis Wacana Praktis	Analisis Praktis Sosial
Tatabahasa ·        Tema	Intertektualiti ·        Pra-andaian ·        Metawacana ·        Penafian	Ekonomi Pendidikan Politik
Leksikal •    Metafora
Kohesi •     Pengulangan •     Konjunsi	Interdiskusi •    Naratif •    Perbahasan •    Ekspositori •    Luahan (expressive)

Rajah 2: Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis oleh Fairclough (1995)

           

 

Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis	Practical Discourse analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar ·        Theme	Intertektualiti ·        Pre-presumption ·        Metawacana ·        Disclaimer	Economic Education Political
Lexical •    Metaphors
Cohesion •    Repetition •    Konjunsi	Interdiskusi •    Narrative •    Language •    Expository •    Luahan (expressive)

Rajah 2: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by Fairclough (1995)

           

 

Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis	Practical Discourse analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar ·        Theme	Intertektualiti Intertextuality ·        Pre-presumption ·        Metawacana Meta discourse ·        Disclaimer	Economic Education Political
Lexical •    Metaphors Metaphor
Cohesion •    Repetition •    Konjunsi Conjunction	Interdiskusi Inter discussion •    Narrative •    Language •    Expository •    Luahan  Expression (expressive)

Rajah  Figure 2: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by Fairclough (1995)

           

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis	Practical Discourse analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar ·        Theme	Intertextuality ·        Pre-presumption ·        Meta discourse ·        Disclaimer	Economic Education Political
Lexical •   Metaphor
Cohesion •   Repetition •   Conjunction	Inter discussion •   Narrative •   Language •   Expository •   Expression (expressive)

 Figure 2: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

STRATEGI KESOPANAN
Bald on-record	Kesopanan Positif
Contoh: Bersedia! Dengar sini…. Berikan saya bakul besar itu. Lampu itu berwarna hijau. Jemput masuk. Jemput makan.	Contoh: Kamu nampak sugul. Boleh saya tolong? Boleh saya pinjam serratus ringgit? Saya ikut kamu ke hospital, jika kamu tidak Keberatan.
Kesopanan Negatif	Off-record
Mungkin dia yang mengambil kotak itu, mungkin! Tolong berikan saya pinggan putih itu. Kalau begitu, sedikit arahan tidak diperlukan? Membuang botol kosong merata-rata tidak dibenarkan.	Wah, semakin sejuk dalam bilik ini. Mahal betul harga kasut di sini. Cantik baju kamu.

 

Rajah 3: Strategi kesopanan oleh Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

DECENCY STRATEGY
Bald on-record	Positive Decency
Example: Ready! Listen here.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. Invite in. Invite meals.	Example: You see sugul. Can I Please? Can I borrow a hundred dollars? I follow you to the hospital, if you do not Mind.
Negative Decency	Off-record
Maybe he's the one who took that box, maybe! Please give me that white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Removing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.	Yeah, the cooler in this room. Expensively correct shoe prices here. Beautiful your shirt.

 

Figure 3: Decency strategy by Brown * Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

DECENCY STRATEGY
Bald on-record	Positive Decency
Example: Ready! Listen here.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. Invite in. Come in Invite meals. Enjoy your food	Example: You see  seems sugul weak. Can I Please help you? Can I borrow a  hundred dollars? I follow you to the hospital, if you do not Mind mind.
Negative Decency	Off-record
Maybe he's the one who took that box, maybe! Please give me that white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Removing Throwing  empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.	Yeah, the cooler in this room. Expensively correct shoe prices here.Shoes price is expensive. Beautiful your shirt. Your shirt is beautiful

 

 

Figure 3: Decency strategy by Brown *  & Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

 

 

DECENCY STRATEGY
Bald on-record	Positive Decency
Example: Ready! Listen here.... Give me that big basket. The light is green.  Come in  Enjoy your food	Example: You seems weak. Can I  help you? Can I borrow hundred dollars? I follow you to the hospital, if you do not  mind.
Negative Decency	Off-record
Maybe he's the one who took that box, maybe! Please give me that white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Throwing  empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.	Yeah, the cooler in this room. Shoes price is expensive.  Your shirt is beautiful

 

                     

Figure 3: Decency strategy by Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normaliza Abd Rahim Discourse Analysis Approach (2018b)
PRA-ANDAIAN 1. Intuisi 2. Konteks ·         Penerimaan/ Penafian ·         Keperluan ·         Perujukan ·         Anafora ·         Pengulangan ·         Kekaburan ·         Penegasan	EMOSI 1. Positif 2. Negatif 3. Emosi          Bercampur ·         Perangai ·         Personaliti ·         Mood ·         Motivasi	NILAI DAN BUDAYA 1. Diri 2. Masyarakat 3. Adat ·         Jujur, iklas, baik hati, kasih sayang, kerajinan, kesyukuran, kesederhanaan ·         Berdikari, hemah tinggi, keberanian, kebersihan fizikal dan mental,kesantunan ·         Hormat menghormati, kerjasama, semangat bermasyarakat ·         Keadilan, kebebasan, rasional	BAHASA 1. Bahasa     pertama/     kedua/     ketiga 2. Formal/     tidak formal 3. Kesalahan     bahasa 4. Linguistik	INFERENS 1. Rumusan keseluruhan 2. Rumusan topik     perbincangan 3. Penutup

Rajah 4: Pendekatan Analisis Wacana Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

 

 

Normaliza Abd Rahim Discourse Analysis Approach (2018b)
PRA-ANDAIAN 1. Intuition 2. Context ·         Reception/ • Disclaimer ·         Requirements ·         Referrals ·         Anafora ·         Repetition ·         Blur ·         Affirmation	EMOSION 1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Emosions          Mixed ·         Warai ·         Personality ·         Mood ·         Motivasional	VALUES AND CULTURE 1. Self 2. Community 3. Custom ·         Honest, iklas, kind, affection, craft, gratitude, simplicity ·         Dicey, high hemah, courage, physical and mental hygiene ·         Respect, cooperation, community spirit ·         Justice, freedom, rational	LANGUAGE 1. Language     first/     second/     Third 2. Formal/     not formal 3. Error     Language 4. Linguistic	INFERENS 1. Overall formula 2. Topic formulation     Discussion 3. Cover

Rajah 4: Normaliza Abd Rahim Discourse Analysis Approach (2018b)

 

 

 

Normaliza Abd Rahim Discourse Analysis Approach (2018b)
PRA-ANDAIAN PRE-PRESUMPTION 1. Intuition 2. Context ·         Reception/ • Disclaimer ·         Requirements ·         Referrals ·         AnaforaAnaphors ·         Repetition ·         Blur ·         Affirmation	EMOTIONAL 1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Emotions          Mixed Mixed emotions ·         Warai Attitude ·         Personality ·         Mood ·         Motivational Motivation	VALUES AND CULTURE 1. Self 2. Community 3. CustomNormality ·         Honest, iklas sincere, kind, affectionhardworking, craft , gratitude, simplicitymodesty ·         Dicey, high hemah,Independent, dedicated, courage, physical and mental hygiene, politeness ·         Respect, cooperation, community spirit ·         Justice, freedom, rational	LANGUAGE 1. Language     first/     second/     Third First/    secondary/          tertiary     language 2. Formal/     not formal 3. Error     Language     Language     errors 4. Linguistic	INFERENS 1. Overall formulasummary 2. Topic formulation summary     dDiscussion 3. CoverEnding

Rajah  Figure 4: Normaliza Abd Rahim Discourse Analysis Approach (2018b)

 

 

 

 

Normaliza Abd Rahim Discourse Analysis Approach (2018b)
PRE-PRESUMPTION 1. Intuition 2. Context ·         Reception/ • Disclaimer ·         Requirements ·         Referrals ·         Anaphors ·         Repetition ·         Blur ·         Affirmation	EMOTIONAL 1. Positive 2. Negative 3.  Mixed emotions ·          Attitude ·         Personality ·         Mood ·          Motivation	VALUES AND CULTURE 1. Self 2. Community 3. Normality ·         Honest, sincere, kind, hardworking, gratitude, modesty ·         Independent, dedicated, courage, physical and mental hygiene, politeness ·         Respect, cooperation, community spirit ·         Justice, freedom, rational	LANGUAGE 1.  First/   secondary/          tertiary      language 2. Formal/     not formal 3. Language     errors 4. Linguistic	INFERENS 1. Overall summary 2. Topic summary     discussion 3. Ending

 Figure 4: Normaliza Abd Rahim Discourse Analysis Approach (2018b)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Teori Analisis Wacana (Normaliza Abd Rahim,2018d)
Kandungan 1. Tema	Konteks 1. Tatabahasa 2. Latar 3. Emosi	Andaian 1. Pendapat 2. Perujukan 3. Persoalan

Rajah 5: Teori Analisis Wacana

 

 

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content 1. Theme	Context 1. Grammar 2. Background 3. Emotional	Andaian 1. Opinion 2. Referals 3. ProblemsQ

Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content 1. Theme	Context 1. Grammar 2. Background 3. Emotional  Emotion	Andaian Assumptions 1. Opinion 2. Referals References 3. Problems

Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content 1. Theme	Context 1. Grammar 2. Background 3.  Emotion	Assumptions 1. Opinion 2.  References 3. Problems

Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jadual 2: Konteks dalam Model Penceritaan Nilai Sosial Melalui Cerita Kanak-kanak

Judul	Tatabahasa	Latar	Emosi
Keluarga	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira, rindu,
Diri	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Dalam dan luar rumah, sekolah	Gembira
Saya yang Istimewa	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa
Saya Tahu	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Dalam atau luar rumah	Hiba, sedih,simpati
Saya Faham	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah, sekolah ataupun di tempat awam	Gembira, simpati, ambil berat

 

 

 

 

Table 2: Context in Social Values Storytelling Model Through Children's Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotional
Families	The use of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Home mothers and fathers	Gembira, rindu,
Self	The use of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	In and out of home, school	Happy
My Special	The use of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Home mothers and fathers
I Know	The use of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	In or outside the house	Hiba, sadly, sympathy
I Understand	The use of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Home, school or in public places	Happy, sympathy, caring

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2: Context in Social Values of Storytelling Model Through Children's Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotional
Families	The use usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Home mothersMother’s and father’s home and fathers	Happy, miss,
Self	The use  usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	In and out of home, school	Happy
My Special	The use usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Mother’s and father’s homeHome mothers and fathers
I Know	The use usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	In or outside the house	HibaUnhappy, sadly, sympathy
I Understand	The use usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Home, school or in public places	Happy, sympathy, caring

 

Table 2: Context in Social Values of Storytelling Model Through Children's Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotional
Families	The usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Mother’s and father’s home	Happy, miss
Self	The usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	In and out of home, school	Happy
My Special	The usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Mother’s and father’s home
I Know	The usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	In or outside the house	Unhappy, sadly, sympathy
I Understand	The usage of simple and suitable words and sentences for all including special children	Home, school or in public places	Happy, sympathy, caring

 

 

 

 

Jadual 3: Kandungan dalam Cerita Sosial

Judul	Teks	Tema	Sampel/ Bahan	Jenis
Nenek dan Datuk	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Nenek, datuk, ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Saya yang Istimewa	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Nenek, datuk, ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Keluarga	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Hati	Cerita pendek	Kemasyarakatan	Ibu, cikgu, Alim, rakan-rakan	Penceritaan
Jiran	Cerita pendek	Kejiranan	Ibu, Madinah, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Penceritaan

 

 

 

Title	Text	Theme	Sample/ Material	Type
Grandparents	Short Story	Family	Grandparents, grandparents, mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
I Am Special	Short Story	Family	Grandparents, grandparents, mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Family	Short Story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Heart	Short Story	Community	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Narration
Neighbor	Short Story	Neighbourhood	Mother, Medina, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Narration

 

Table 3: Content in Social Stories

 

 

 

Title	Text	Theme	Sample/ Material	Type
Grandparents	Short Story	Family	Grandparents, grandparents,  mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
I Am Special	Short Story	Family	Grandparents, grandparents,  mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Family	Short Story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Heart	Short Story	Community	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Narration
Neighbor	Short Story	Neighbourhood Neighborhood	Mother, Medina, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Narration

  

Table 3: Content in Social Stories

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3: Content in Social Stories

Title	Text	Theme	Sample/ Material	Type
Grandparents	Short Story	Family	Grandparents, mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
I Am Special	Short Story	Family	Grandparents , mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Family	Short Story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Heart	Short Story	Community	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Narration
Neighbor	Short Story	Neighborhood	Mother, Medina, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Narration

 

 

 

Jadual 4: Konteks dalam Cerita Sosial

Judul	Tatabahasa	Latar	Emosi
Nenek dan Datuk	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak  istimewa	Kampung nenek dan datuk	Gembira, rindu, sedih, marah, keliru, puas hati
Saya yang Istimewa	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak  istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira, puas hati, sedih
Keluarga	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak  istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira, resah
Hati	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak  istimewa	Sekolah, rumah, jiran	Gembira
Jiran	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak  istimewa	Rumah ibu bapa dan jiran	Gembira, simpati, ambil berat, sedih

 

 

 

Table 4: Context In Social Stories

Title	Grammar	Backgrounds	Emotions
Grandparents	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special	Mother and father's house	Happy, missed, sad, angry, confused, satisfied
I Am Special	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special	Parents' house	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special	Parents' house	Happy, restoration
Heart	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special	School, house, neighbour	Happy
Neighbor	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special	Parents' house and neighbours	Happy, sympathy, care, sad

 

Table 4: Context In Social Stories

Title	Grammar	Backgrounds	Emotions
Grandparents	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special special children	Mother and father's house Grandparent’s house	Happy, missed, sad, angry, confused, satisfied
I Am Special	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special special children	Parent’s house	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special special children	Parents' house	Happy, restoration worry
Heart	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special special children	School, house, neighbour neighbor	Happy
Neighbor	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of children special special children	Parents' house and neighbours neighbors	Happy, sympathy, care, sad

 

Table 4: Context In Social Stories

Title	Grammar	Backgrounds	Emotions
Grandparents	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of special children	Grandparent’s house	Happy, missed, sad, angry, confused, satisfied
I Am Special	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of special children	Parents' house	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of special children	Parents' house	Happy, worry
Heart	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of special children	School, house, neighbor	Happy
Neighbor	Easy and appropriate use of words and sentences for all inclusive of special children	Parents' house and neighbors	Happy, sympathy, care, sad

 

 

Jadual 5: Senarai Nilai Sosial dalam Cerita Sosial

Judul Cerita Sosial		Nilai Sosial
Nenek dan Datuk	Kasih sayang, ambil berat, rasional, tanggungjawab, ikhlas, jujur, baik hati, kekeluargaan, sabar
Saya yang Istimewa	Baik hati, ikhlas, tolong menolong, ambil berat, tanggungjawab
Keluarga	Baik hati, sabar, tolong menolong, ikhlas, ambil berat, rajin, usaha, tanggungjawab, rasional
Hati	Baik hati, kasih sayang, ambil berat, ikhlas, jujur, berkongsi, berterima kasih, hormat menghormati , rajin
Jiran	Baik hati, tanggungjawab, kasih sayang, rasional, ambil berat, ikhlas, jujur, yakin, kejiranan

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5: List of Social Values in Social Stories

Title of Social Value		Social Value
Nenek dan Datuk	Love, care, rationality, responsibility, sincere, honest, kindness, family, patience
Grandparents	Kindness, sincere, help, take care, responsibility
I Am Special	Kindness, patient, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rational
Family	Kindness, love, caring, sincerely, honestly, share, thankful, respectful, hardworking
Heart	Kindness, love, caring, honestly, sincere , share, thankful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbor	Kindness, responsibility, love, rationale, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

Table 5: List of Social Values in Social Stories

Title of Social Value		Social Value
Nenek dan Datuk	Love, care, rationality, responsibility, sincere, honest, kindness, family, patience
Grandparents	Kindness, sincere, help, take care, responsibility
I Am Special	Kindness, patient patience, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rational
Family	Kindness, love, caring, sincerely, honestly, share, thankful, respectful, hardworking
Heart	Kindness, love, caring, honestly, sincere , share, thankful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbor	Kindness, responsibility, love, rationale rational, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5: List of Social Values in Social Stories

Title of Social Value		Social Value
Nenek dan Datuk	Love, care, rationality, responsibility, sincere, honest, kindness, family, patience
Grandparents	Kindness, sincere, help, take care, responsibility
I Am Special	Kindness, patience, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rational
Family	Kindness, love, caring, sincerely, honestly, share, thankful, respectful, hardworking
Heart	Kindness, love, caring, honestly, sincere , share, thankful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbor	Kindness, responsibility, love, rational, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

Taksonomi Strategi Komunikasi oleh Dornyei & Scott (1997)

Strategi Pengelakan atau Pengurangan

1.   Pengabaian/Peninggalan mesej 2.   Pengelakan topik

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies Pencapaian atau Strategi Pampasan

3.  Parafrasa (Circumlocution) 4.  Penghampiran 7.  Penggunaan perkataan semua tujuan 6.  Cipta perkataan baharu (World-coinage) 7.  Penstrukturan semula/Penggunaan kaedah bukan bahasa (use of non-      linguistic means) 8.  Terjemahan literal 9.  Pengantarabangsaan 10.  Pertukaran kod 11.  Meminta pertolongan, penjelasan, pengesahan atau membuat tekaan/           Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time gaining Strategies Penangguhan atau Strategi Tambahan Waktu

12.Penggunaan perkataan yang tiada makna/Use of fillers/ strategi penanda/ (hesitation devices)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                    

  Rajah 7: Taksonomi Strategi Komunikasi oleh Dornyei & Scott (1997)

Taxonomy of Communications Strategy by Dornyei & Scott (1997)

Eckication Or Reduction Strategy

1. Omission/Omission of message 2. Evocate topics

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies   3. Paraphrasing (Circumlocution 4.  Apprehension 5.  Use of all-purpose words 6.  Create new words (world-coinage) 7.  Restructuring/use of non-linguistic means 8.  Literal translation 9.   Internationalization 10 . Change of code

11.  Request help, explanation, confirmation or make guesses            Appeal for help Stalling Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Delay or Additional Time Strategy 12. Use of words without meaning/use of fillers/ marker strategy/ (hesitation devices)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 7: Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Dornyei & Scott (1997)

 

 

Taxonomy of Communications Strategy by Dornyei & Scott (1997)

Eckication  Evasion Or Reduction Strategy

1. Omission/omission of message 2. Evocate topics

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies   3. Paraphrasing (circumlocution 4.  Apprehension 5.  Use of all-purpose words 6.  Create new words (world-coinage) 7.  Restructuring/use of non-linguistic means 8.  Literal translation 9.   Internationalization 10. Change of code

11.  Request help, explanation, confirmation or make guesses            Appeal for help Stalling Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Delay or Additional Time Strategy 12. Use of words without meaning/use of fillers/ marker strategy/ (hesitation devices)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 7: Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Dornyei & Scott (1997)

 

 

Taxonomy of Communications Strategy by Dornyei & Scott (1997)

Evasion Or Reduction Strategy

1. Omission/omission of message 2. Evocate topics

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies   3. Paraphrasing (circumlocution 4.  Apprehension 5.  Use of all-purpose words 6.  Create new words (world-coinage) 7.  Restructuring/use of non-linguistic means 8.  Literal translation 9.   Internationalization 10. Change of code

11.  Request help, explanation, confirmation or make guesses            Appeal for help Stalling Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Delay or Additional Time Strategy 12. Use of words without meaning/use of fillers/ marker strategy/ (hesitation devices)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 7: Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Dornyei & Scott (1997)

 

 

 

Jadual 6: Strategi Komunikasi

Strategi Komunikasi	Frekuensi
1.         Singkatan	15
2.         Perkataan baharu tiada makna	4
3.         Penafian/percanggahan	10
4.         Persoalan	6
5.         Pengulangan	8
6.         Perujukan	13
7.          Pembetulan kendiri	5
8.          Topik berlainan/pengabaian mesej	4
9.          Celahan	8
10.     Penangguhan	6
11.     Terjemahan literal	4
12.      Pertukaran bahasa	4
13.      Imaginasi	5
14.      Kesopanan	4
15.      Parafrasa	4
16.      Meminta pertolongan	4

Table 6: Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy	Frequency
1.         Abbreviation	15
2.          New words no meaning	4
3.          Disclaimer/Dissistency	10
4.          Question	6
5.          Repetition	8
6.          Persuasion	13
7.          Self-correction	5
8.          Different topics/message ignorance	4
9.          Interstitial	8
10.     Delay	6
11.     Literal translation	4
12.     Language changes	4
13.     Imagination	5
14.      Modesty	4
15.      Paraphrasing	4
16.      Ask for help	4

 

 

Table 6: Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy	Frequency
1.         Abbreviation	15
2.          New words which no meaning	4
3.          Disclaimer/DissistencyConflict	10
4.          Question	6
5.          Repetition	8
6.          Persuasion	13
7.          Self-correction	5
8.          Different topics/message ignorance	4
9.          Interstitial	8
10.     Delay	6
11.     Literal translation	4
12.     Language changes	4
13.     Imagination	5
14.      Modesty	4
15.      Paraphrasing	4
16.      Ask for help	4

 

 

 

Table 6: Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy	Frequency
17.    Abbreviation	15
18.     New words which no meaning	4
19.     Disclaimer/Conflict	10
20.     Question	6
21.     Repetition	8
22.     Persuasion	13
23.     Self-correction	5
24.     Different topics/message ignorance	4
25.     Interstitial	8
26.     Delay	6
27.     Literal translation	4
28.     Language changes	4
29.     Imagination	5
30.      Modesty	4
31.      Paraphrasing	4
32.      Ask for help	4

 

RUJUKAN

Teks asal ini diambil daripada buku Kajian Wacana dan Strategi Komunikasi Teori dan Aplikasi daripada pensyarah dari Universiti Putra Malaysia, Prof Normaliza Abd Rahim. 

Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). Kajian Wacana Dan Strategi Komunikasi Teori Dan Aplikasi. Terengganu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.

BUKTI KEHADIRAN